{"service":"afriref","description":"Pan-African government reference data: clean, cited JSON for policy rates, tax rates, minimum wages, public holidays and more.","evaluation":{"country":"GH","note":"Every GH series on this service is FREE — current value, history and as_at, with full citations. It is the evaluation country: exercise the real paid surface on it before paying for the rest.","verify_any_country_free":{"html_pages":"Every country's CURRENT value, its citation, effective date and last-verified date are published free as HTML at /{country}/{series} — e.g. /ke/policy-rate. No payment, no key. Check any value in this catalog against its official source before you buy anything.","this_catalog":"Every series listed here carries its full source citation, last_confirmed date and confidence level, free, for every country — not just the evaluation country.","what_payment_buys":"Machine-readable JSON, /history, ?as_at= point-in-time reads, the computed answer endpoints, and certified extracts. The DATA is not hidden; the API convenience is what is sold."}},"products":[{"id":"corporate-tax","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."},{"id":"cpi","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."},{"id":"fx-reference","kind":"product","countries_held":4,"countries_applicable":21,"complete":false,"applicable_universe":"Countries that run their own currency and publish an official daily reference fixing. This is the fleet's largest genuine gap: roughly a hundred central banks qualify and twenty-four are wired, because each bank's redistribution terms have to be cleared individually before its rates can be republished."},{"id":"income-tax","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."},{"id":"minimum-wage","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."},{"id":"policy-rate","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."},{"id":"public-holidays","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."},{"id":"social-contributions","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."},{"id":"statutory-interest","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."},{"id":"vat","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."},{"id":"withholding-tax","kind":"product","countries_held":34,"countries_applicable":34,"complete":true,"applicable_universe":"Every country this service holds."}],"countries":[{"country":"AO","name":"Angola","currency":"AOA","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Taxa BNA (BNA policy rate)","description":"Taxa Básica de Juro do Banco Nacional de Angola ('Taxa BNA') — the reference/policy rate set by the Comité de Política Monetária (CPM), the BNA organ established under the Lei do Banco Nacional de Angola (Lei n.º 24/21, de 18 de Outubro). The CPM holds six ordinary meetings a year (odd months: January, March, May, July, September, November), each a two-day sitting, and announces the Taxa BNA together with the two standing-facility rates (Facilidade Permanente de Cedência de Liquidez and Facilidade Permanente de Absorção de Liquidez).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-14","source":{"name":"BNA — Comunicado da 130.ª Reunião do Comité de Política Monetária, Malanje, 13 e 14 de Julho de 2026 ('Reduzir a Taxa BNA de 17,00% para 15,75%'), publicado 14-07-2026 — official record ID 1218 served as JSON by the BNA's own API on www.bna.ao","url":"https://www.bna.ao/service/rest/generic/sharepoint/multi/search?whichParam=%5B%7BID%3A1218%7D%5D&whichUrl=An%C3%BAncios/Not%C3%ADcias"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"IVA taxa geral (standard VAT rate)","description":"Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado, taxa geral — the standard rate on imports, supplies of goods and supplies of services, Artigo 19.º of the Código do Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado (approved by Lei n.º 7/19, de 24 de Abril; Artigo 19.º in its current wording given by Lei n.º 14/23, de 28 de Dezembro). Administered by the Administração Geral Tributária (AGT).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2019-10-01","source":{"name":"Código do IVA, Artigo 19.º (Taxas do imposto), redacção dada pela Lei n.º 14/23, de 28 de Dezembro (Diário da República I Série n.º 246, de 28/12/2023, pág. 8525-8526): 'a) 14%, como taxa geral, para as importações, transmissões de bens e prestações de serviços'. PDF do diploma alojado pela AGT","url":"https://www.ucm.minfin.gov.ao/cs/groups/public/documents/document/aw4z/nzu5/~edisp/minfin3759673.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Angola, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-12-28","source":{"name":"Código do Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado (aprovado pela Lei n.º 7/19, de 24 de Abril; republicado pela Lei n.º 14/23, de 28 de Dezembro, DR I Série n.º 246). Art. 60.º, n.º 1: \"Enquadram-se no regime de exclusão os sujeitos passivos cujo volume de negócios ou operações de importação seja inferior a Kz: 25 000 000,00\" ('the exclusion regime covers taxable persons whose turnover or import operations are below Kz 25,000,000'). Art. 69.º-A: \"Enquadram-se no regime simplificado os sujeitos passivos que... tenham tido um volume de negócios ou operações de importação igual ou superior a Kz: 25 000 000,00... e inferior a Kz: 350 000 000,00\" ('the simplified regime covers those with turnover or import operations equal to or above Kz 25,000,000 and below Kz 350,000,000'). Art. 62.º, n.º 1, a): \"Enquadram-se no regime geral... os sujeitos passivos que no exercício económico anterior tenham tido um volume de negócios ou operações de importação igual ou superior a Kz: 350 000 000,00\" ('the general regime covers those whose prior financial year turnover or import operations were equal to or above Kz 350,000,000'). Lei 14/23 art. 6.º: \"A presente Lei de Revisão entra em vigor à data da sua publicação\" (in force on publication, 28 December 2023).","url":"https://lex.ao/docs/assembleia-nacional/2023/lei-n-o-14-23-de-28-de-dezembro/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Salário Mínimo Nacional (SMN)","description":"Angola's statutory national minimum wage — the minimum monthly sum of pecuniary income payable to a worker, fixed by Presidential Decree under Artigo 241.º n.º 1 of the Lei Geral do Trabalho (Lei n.º 12/23, de 27 de Dezembro), after consideration by the Conselho Nacional de Concertação Social. Enforced by the Inspecção Geral do Trabalho under the Ministério da Administração Pública, Trabalho e Segurança Social (MAPTSS).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-09-16","source":{"name":"Decreto Presidencial n.º 152/24, de 17 de Julho (Diário da República I Série n.º 135, de 17/07/2024, pág. 7262), Artigo 1.º n.º 2: 'Após doze meses, a contar da data da entrada em vigor do presente Diploma, o montante do salário mínimo nacional é fixado em Kz: 100.000,00 (cem mil Kwanzas)'; entry into force 60 days after publication, confirmed by MAPTSS as 16 de Setembro de 2024 — Guia Prático 'Novo Regime do Salário Mínimo Nacional', Grupo Técnico para o Estudo e Evolução do Salário Mínimo Nacional (GTEESMN) / MAPTSS","url":"https://www.maptss.gov.ao/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/SMN_GTEESMN_GUIA-PRATICO.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Feriados nacionais","description":"National public holidays under the Lei dos Feriados Nacionais e Locais e Datas de Celebração Nacional (Lei n.º 10/11, de 16 de Fevereiro), Artigo 2.º, as observed in calendar year 2026 including the statutory 'Ponte' transfer under Artigo 6.º.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Lei n.º 10/11, de 16 de Fevereiro — Lei dos Feriados Nacionais e Locais e Datas de Celebração Nacional, AS AMENDED BY Lei n.º 11/18, de 28 de Setembro (Diário da República I Série n.º 147, de 28 de Setembro de 2018, pág. 4659), which altered Artigos 2.º, 3.º e 6.º","url":"https://lex.ao/docs/assembleia-nacional/2018/lei-n-o-11-18-de-28-de-setembro/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year, national)","description":"Índice de Preços no Consumidor Nacional (IPCN), variação homóloga — national headline consumer price inflation year-on-year, published monthly by the Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) in a Folha de Informação Rápida (FIR), normally in the first week of the following month.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-08-01","source":{"name":"INE Angola FIR IPCN August 2026. Homologous (YoY) variation 8.78% (July 9.33%; June 10.11%). Publication page: https://www.ine.gov.ao/publicacoes/detalhes/NTc0ODc%3D . INE homepage widget also shows 8,78% Inflação (Agosto 2026).","url":"https://www.ine.gov.ao/Arquivos/arquivosCarregados//Carregados/Publicacao_639244675894952100.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Imposto Industrial — taxa geral","description":"Imposto Industrial (Angola's corporate income tax on profits from commercial or industrial activity), taxa geral, Artigo 64.º n.º 1 of the Código do Imposto Industrial in the wording given by Lei n.º 26/20, de 20 de Julho. Administered by the Administração Geral Tributária (AGT).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2020-08-19","source":{"name":"Lei n.º 26/20, de 20 de Julho — Lei que altera o Código do Imposto Industrial (Diário da República I Série n.º 107, de 20/07/2020, pág. 3841), Artigo 64.º (Taxas) n.º 1: 'A taxa geral do Imposto Industrial é de 25%'; Artigo 4.º: entra em vigor 30 dias após a sua publicação. PDF do diploma alojado pela AGT","url":"https://www.ucm.minfin.gov.ao/cs/groups/public/documents/document/aw4y/njky/~edisp/minfin2692601.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"Withholding taxes Angola levies on payments to foreign persons, at domestic statutory rates before treaty relief. Investment income (dividends, interest, royalties) is taxed under the Imposto sobre a Aplicação de Capitais (IAC, Decreto Legislativo Presidencial n.º 2/14, de 20 de Outubro, as amended by Lei n.º 14/25); services rendered by non-resident entities are taxed by final withholding under the Código do Imposto Industrial (Lei n.º 19/14 as amended by Lei n.º 26/20, de 20 de Julho). Administered by the Administração Geral Tributária (AGT), Ministério das Finanças.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Código do Imposto sobre a Aplicação de Capitais (DLP 2/14), art. 27.º: 'A taxa de imposto para os rendimentos previstos no n.º 1 do artigo 3.º é de 15%. A taxa de imposto para os rendimentos previstos no n.º 1 do artigo 9.º é de 10%, salvo quando se trate dos rendimentos a que se referem as alíneas e), o) e p), casos em que a taxa é de 15%'; Lei 26/20 (Código do Imposto Industrial), art. 64.º n.º 6: 'A taxa de tributação liberatória incidente sobre serviços acidentais prestados por entidades sem sede, domicílio, estabelecimento estável ou local de direcção efectiva em Angola é de 15%'; Lei n.º 14/25 (OGE 2026) revoked the 5% reduced rate ('É revogado o n.º 3 do artigo 27.º do Código do Imposto sobre a Aplicação de Capitais') with effect from 1 January 2026","url":"https://www.angolex.com/paginas/codigos/codigo-do-imposto-sobre-aplicacao-de-capitais-revisao-e-republicacao.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Legal interest (juros legais)","description":"Angola has no legal interest rate in force: article 559 of the Civil Code requires a joint dispatch of the Ministers of Planning, Finance and Justice, and the last one — Despacho Conjunto 36/03 — fixed a rate only for the quarter April to June 2003.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Código Civil angolano art. 559.º, as amended in 2003: legal interest, and interest stipulated without a determined rate or amount, are those 'fixados em Despacho Conjunto dos Ministros do Planeamento, das Finanças e da Justiça' (fixed by joint dispatch of the Ministers of Planning, Finance and Justice); Despacho Conjunto n.º 36/03, de 25 de Abril de 2003, set the rate by a quarterly formula based on the Luanda consumer price index and the monetary programme's inflation target and determined that 'for legal interest relating to the quarter April-June 2003, the rate is 75% per year' — no further dispatch has been issued","url":"https://expansao.co.ao/opiniao/detalhe/juros-legais-62332.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"IRT — Grupo A employment income brackets","description":"Imposto sobre os Rendimentos do Trabalho (IRT), Grupo A (dependent employment): the statutory monthly rate table annexed to the Código do IRT, referred to in Artigo 16.º n.º 1 and replaced in full by Artigo 3.º of Lei n.º 28/20, de 22 de Julho. Withheld monthly by the employer and remitted by the end of the following month.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Lei n.º 14/25, de 30 de Dezembro — Lei que Aprova o Orçamento Geral do Estado para o Exercício Económico de 2026, art. 21.º(3) e Anexo I (Diário da República I Série n.º 244, de 30 de Dezembro de 2025; Lei a p. 23162, art. 21.º a pp. 23172–23173, Anexo I a p. 23180). Aprovada 15 Dez 2025, promulgada 23 Dez 2025, em vigor 1 Jan 2026 (art. 43.º)","url":"https://www.ucm.minfin.gov.ao/cs/groups/public/documents/document/aw41/mje2/~edisp/minfin5216784.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Angola (AO): employee and employer shares of the Protecção Social Obrigatória contribution, with the base and the instrument fixing the rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-09-27","source":{"name":"Decreto Presidencial n.º 227/18, de 27 de Setembro (Regime Jurídico de Vinculação e de Contribuição da Protecção Social Obrigatória), Diário da República I.ª Série n.º 146 de 27 de Setembro de 2018, p. 4646 — full text read, Articles 10 to 16; Lei n.º 7/04, de 15 de Outubro (Lei de Bases da Protecção Social); Instituto Nacional de Segurança Social (INSS) as managing entity of the Protecção Social Obrigatória.","url":"https://lex.ao/docs/presidente-da-republica/2018/decreto-presidencial-n-o-227-18-de-27-de-setembro/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ao/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"BF","name":"Burkina Faso","currency":"XOF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy rate (BCEAO taux minimum de soumission)","description":"Minimum bid rate on BCEAO weekly and monthly liquidity-injection auctions - the principal policy rate of the Central Bank of West African States, applied uniformly across all eight WAEMU/UEMOA member states including Burkina Faso.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-16","source":{"name":"BCEAO, Communique de presse - Reunion ordinaire du Comite de Politique Monetaire tenue le 10 juin 2026 (taux maintenus; principal taux directeur 3,00% en vigueur depuis le 16 mars 2026, decision du CPM du 4 mars 2026)","url":"https://www.bceao.int/fr/communique-presse/reunion-ordinaire-du-comite-de-politique-monetaire-de-la-bceao-tenue-le-10-juin"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value added tax (Taxe sur la valeur ajoutee - TVA)","description":"Standard rate of Burkina Faso's value added tax, levied under the Code general des impots.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Code general des impots du Burkina Faso, art. 317 (Livre 2, Titre 1, Chapitre 4 - Taux), enacted by loi n.058-2017/AN du 20 decembre 2017, consolidated text published by the Direction Generale des Impots","url":"https://dgi.bf/verification/CGI"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"Charging VAT becomes compulsory in Burkina Faso when annual turnover (hors taxes) reaches FCFA 50,000,000 — the régime du bénéfice réel normal (RNI) threshold, tested on current-year turnover with pro-rata for mid-year starts — while non-established suppliers face a nil threshold and must accredit a fiscal representative (failing which the customer owes the tax), and since 1 January 2025 e-commerce/digital-platform operations (foreign and local platforms) are expressly within VAT with platform-operator collection.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Code général des impôts du Burkina Faso (Loi n°058-2017/AN du 20 décembre 2017, in force 2018-01-01), art. 300 combined with art. 527, official DGI consolidation à jour de la Loi de finances 2023. Art. 300: « Sont assujetties à la TVA, les personnes physiques ou morales qui réalisent des affaires imposables et relevant du régime d'imposition du réel normal, selon les seuils fixés aux articles 527 et suivants. » (Are subject to VAT the natural or legal persons carrying out taxable transactions AND falling under the réel normal tax regime, per the thresholds set in articles 527 ff.). Art. 527: « Sont placés sous le régime du bénéfice réel normal d'imposition, les contribuables personnes physiques ou morales dont le chiffre d'affaires annuel hors taxes est égal ou supérieur à cinquante millions (50.000.000) de francs CFA. » (Taxpayers whose annual turnover excluding taxes is equal to or above fifty million (50,000,000) CFA francs are placed under the réel normal regime.) Neither article carries an amendment annotation in the consolidation, i.e. both stand as enacted by Loi n°058-2017/AN.","url":"https://dgi.bf/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/CODE-GENERAL-DES-IMPOTS-2023-A-JOUR-AVEC-LA-LOI-DE-FINANCE-2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (SMIG - salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti)","description":"Guaranteed interprofessional minimum wage for non-agricultural workers, fixed by decree under article 187 of the Labour Code.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-11-20","source":{"name":"Decret n.2023-1586/PRES-TRANS/PM/MFPTPS/MEFP du 20 novembre 2023 fixant les salaires minima interprofessionnels garantis, art. 2 (signed Ouagadougou 20 November 2023 by Capitaine Ibrahim Traore; published Journal officiel du Faso)","url":"https://www.fonction-publique.gov.bf/fileadmin/user_upload/storage/fichiers/20240105133330.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Statutory paid public holidays (jours feries chomes et payes) in Burkina Faso for calendar year 2026.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n.001-2026/ALT du 9 janvier 2026 portant institution des jours feries chomes et payes et des journees de commemoration et de reflexion au Burkina Faso (adopted by the Assemblee legislative de transition, 9 January 2026; repeals loi n.079-2015/CNT du 23 novembre 2015 portant fetes legales et evenements a caractere historique)","url":"https://www.an.bf/545"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (IHPC, glissement annuel)","description":"Year-on-year change in Burkina Faso's national Indice Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation, base 100 = 2023, published monthly by the Institut National de la Statistique et de la Demographie.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"INSD, Note mensuelle - Indice National Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation de mai 2026 (base 100 en 2023), Tableau 1, INDICE GLOBAL","url":"https://www.insd.bf/sites/default/files/2026-07/NOTE_IHPC_Base_2023_de_MAI_2026.xlsx"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (Impot sur les societes - IS)","description":"Standard rate of corporate income tax on the taxable profit of companies and other legal persons.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Code general des impots du Burkina Faso, art. 87 (Livre 1, Titre 3 - Impot sur les societes, Section 4), enacted by loi n.058-2017/AN du 20 decembre 2017, consolidated text published by the Direction Generale des Impots","url":"https://dgi.bf/verification/CGI"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Burkina Faso levies at source on payments to non-residents - the impot sur le revenu des capitaux mobiliers (IRCM) on dividends and interest, and the retenue a la source on sums paid to non-resident service providers (which also captures royalties) - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax convention relief. Imposed by the Code general des impots (loi n.058-2017/AN, as amended), administered by the Direction generale des impots (DGI).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Burkina Faso, Code general des impots (edition 2023): art. 140 - 'le taux de l'impot sur le revenu des capitaux mobiliers est le suivant : 1) Pour les revenus des creances... 25%... reduit de moitie pour les interets... des comptes de depot et des comptes courants... 2) Pour les revenus de valeurs mobilieres... 6% pour les... obligations... 12,5% pour tous autres produits'; art. 212 (loi n.029-2022/ALT du 24 decembre 2022, art. 36) - 'Le taux de la retenue a la source est fixe a 20% du montant net des sommes versees aux personnes non etablies au Burkina Faso'","url":"https://www.dgi.bf/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux de l'intérêt légal)","description":"Burkina Faso's legal interest rate, fixed for each calendar year by ministerial arrêté under the UMOA uniform law: 5.3637% for 2026, the same figure applying in all eight UMOA member states because the formula runs off union-wide BCEAO refinancing rates.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"BCEAO, 'Taux d'intérêt légal 2026 des pays de l'UMOA': BURKINA — 5,3637%, per 'Arrêté n°2026-0054/MEF/SG/DGTCP/DAMOF du 19 février 2026 portant fixation du taux d'intérêt légal 2026 au Burkina Faso'. Method (BCEAO): 'Le taux d'intérêt légal est fixé, par arrêté ou décret selon le pays, à l'initiative du Ministre chargé des Finances, pour la durée de l'année civile' and 'Il est pour l'année considérée, égal à la moyenne des taux maximum de refinancement applicables aux concours octroyés par la BCEAO au cours de l'année civile précédente, pondérés par les durées correspondantes'","url":"https://www.bceao.int/sites/default/files/inline-files/Taux%20d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20l%C3%A9gal%202026%20des%20pays%20de%20l%27UMOA.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax on employment income (IUTS)","description":"Progressive schedule of the Impot unique sur les traitements et les salaires, withheld monthly by employers on taxable salary income.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Code general des impots du Burkina Faso, art. 112 (Livre 1, Titre 4 - Impot unique sur les traitements et salaires, Section 3 - Calcul et mode de perception de l'impot), enacted by loi n.058-2017/AN du 20 decembre 2017, consolidated text published by the Direction Generale des Impots","url":"https://dgi.bf/verification/CGI"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Burkina Faso (BF): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch of the CNSS regime, with the ceiling and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-02-24","source":{"name":"Caisse nationale de securite sociale du Burkina Faso (CNSS), \"Cotisations sociales\" rate page (assiette, plafond, taux par branche); decret n°2023-0129/PRES-TRANS/PM/MFPTPS/MEFP du 24 fevrier 2023 portant fixation du taux d'appel des cotisations au titre du regime de securite sociale applicable aux travailleurs salaries et assimiles; arrete n°2022-067/MFPTPS/SG/DGPS du 30 aout 2022 portant fixation du plafond des salaires soumis a cotisation (read in full from the CNSS's own scan); arrete n°2023-018/MFPTPS/SG/DGPS portant determination des conditions et modalites d'application de la majoration du taux de cotisations aux employeurs ne respectant pas les prescriptions en matiere de prevention des risques professionnels (read in full from the CNSS's own scan); loi n°004-2021/AN du 6 avril 2021 portant regime de securite sociale applicable aux travailleurs salaries et assimiles au Burkina Faso, articles 10 and 12.","url":"https://cnssbf.org/?p=2078"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bf/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"BJ","name":"Benin","currency":"XOF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy rate (BCEAO minimum bid rate)","description":"Taux minimum de soumission aux appels d'offres d'injection de liquidite of the Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO) - the main refinancing rate for the whole West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA/WAEMU), of which Benin is a member.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-16","source":{"name":"BCEAO - Communique du Comite de Politique Monetaire, reunion ordinaire du 10 juin 2026 (rate held at 3.00%; the 25 bp cut effective 16 March 2026 was decided at the CPM of 4 March 2026)","url":"https://www.bceao.int/fr/communique-presse/reunion-ordinaire-du-comite-de-politique-monetaire-de-la-bceao-tenue-le-10-juin"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value-added tax (TVA) standard rate","description":"Standard rate of the taxe sur la valeur ajoutee under the Code General des Impots of Benin.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-01-01","source":{"name":"Article 241, Code General des Impots 2026 - Loi n. 2021-15 du 23 decembre 2021 portant code general des impots de la Republique du Benin, mise a jour de la Loi n. 2025-22 du 08 decembre 2025 portant loi de finances pour la gestion 2026 (DGI consolidated edition)","url":"https://api.impots.bj/media/6984ebbbb7bc0_B%C3%A9nin-Code%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20des%20Imp%C3%B4ts%202026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"Compulsory VAT liability (assujetti-redevable) in Benin begins at an annual turnover of 50,000,000 FCFA hors taxes (a single threshold for all activities, tested on in-year turnover with VAT applying from the first day of the month after the threshold is crossed); non-established suppliers face a nil threshold with a mandatory fiscal representative (Art. 262 CGI), and foreign e-commerce/digital platforms must register with the DGI and remit 18% VAT from their first sale into Benin.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-03-03","source":{"name":"Arrêté N° 529-c/MEF/DC/SGM/DGI/DLC/054SGG22 du 03 mars 2022 fixant le seuil du chiffre d'affaires d'assujettissement à la taxe professionnelle synthétique et à la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, art. 2, implementing art. 228 of the Code Général des Impôts (Loi n° 2021-15 du 23 décembre 2021 portant code général des impôts de la République du Bénin, in force 2022-01-01). Arrêté art. 2: « Les personnes physiques ou morales dont le chiffre d'affaires annuel est au moins égal à cinquante millions (50 000 000) de francs CFA sont assujetties redevables de la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, quelle que soit leur forme juridique ou la nature de leurs activités. » — 'Natural or legal persons whose annual turnover is at least equal to fifty million (50,000,000) CFA francs are liable persons accountable for value added tax, whatever their legal form or the nature of their activities.' CGI art. 228: « Les personnes physiques ou morales dont le chiffre d'affaires ou les recettes annuelles sont au minimum égales au seuil fixé par arrêté du ministre en charge des finances sont assujetties à la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée » — 'Persons whose turnover or annual receipts are at least equal to the threshold fixed by order of the minister in charge of finance are subject to VAT.' Both texts verified in the official DGI 'Doctrine fiscale du Bénin' (Sept 2023) and the official consolidated CGI 2025 PDF (finances.bj, updated through Loi n° 2024-34 du 12/12/2024, LF 2025).","url":"https://api.impots.bj/media/652d651ce03aa_DOCTRINE%20FISCALE%20DU%20BENIN-2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (SMIG)","description":"Salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti - the national interprofessional statutory wage floor of Benin.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-01","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Decret n. 2022-692 du 07 decembre 2022 portant relevement du salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti (Presidence de la Republique, published on the Secretariat General du Gouvernement portal)","url":"https://sgg.gouv.bj/doc/decret-2022-692/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Jours feries chomes et payes of Benin for calendar 2026, per the fetes legales law and Ministry of Labour declarations.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n. 90-019 du 27 juillet 1990 fixant les fetes legales en Republique du Benin; Loi n. 2024-32 du 02 septembre 2024 fixant la fete annuelle des religions traditionnelles; communiques du Ministere du Travail et de la Fonction Publique (MTFP) fixing each observance","url":"https://travail.gouv.bj/communiques"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (IHPC, year-on-year)","description":"Year-on-year change of Benin's national Indice Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation (IHPC, UEMOA-harmonised, base 100 = 2023), published monthly by INStaD.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-22","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"INStaD (Institut National de la Statistique et de la Demographie du Benin) - Indice Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation du mois de juin 2026 (base 100 = 2023), Tableau 4","url":"https://instad.bj/publications/publications-mensuelles/prix/831-indice-harmonise-des-prix-a-la-consommation-du-mois-de-juin-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (IS) standard rate","description":"Standard rate of the impot sur les societes under the Code General des Impots of Benin.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-01-01","source":{"name":"Article 46, Code General des Impots 2026 - Loi n. 2021-15 du 23 decembre 2021 portant code general des impots de la Republique du Benin, mise a jour de la Loi n. 2025-22 du 08 decembre 2025 portant loi de finances pour la gestion 2026 (DGI consolidated edition)","url":"https://api.impots.bj/media/6984ebbbb7bc0_B%C3%A9nin-Code%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20des%20Imp%C3%B4ts%202026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Benin levies at source on payments to non-residents - the impot sur le revenu des capitaux mobiliers (IRCM) on dividends and interest, and the retenue a la source of CGI articles 141-143 on services, royalties and construction works paid to non-residents without a permanent establishment in Benin - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax convention relief. Imposed by the Code general des impots (loi n.2021-15 du 23 decembre 2021, as amended by successive finance laws), administered by the Direction generale des impots (DGI).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Benin, Code general des impots (edition 2025, official consolidation, finances.bj): art. 86 - '5% pour les dividendes distribues aux associes non-residents en Republique du Benin...; 10% pour les dividendes autres...; 15% pour tous les autres types de revenus imposables'; art. 88 - 'Pour les revenus des creances, depots et cautionnements, l'impot est calcule... d'un taux de 15%'; art. 141 (LF 2024) - retenue on 'prestations de toute nature fournies ou utilisees en Republique du Benin' due to non-residents without etablissement stable; art. 142 (LF 2023) - 'Le taux de la retenue est fixe a 20%'","url":"https://finances.bj/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Benin-Code-General-des-Impots-2025.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux de l'intérêt légal)","description":"Benin's legal interest rate, fixed for each calendar year by ministerial arrêté under the UMOA uniform law: 5.3637% for 2026, the same figure applying in all eight UMOA member states because the formula runs off union-wide BCEAO refinancing rates.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"BCEAO, 'Taux d'intérêt légal 2026 des pays de l'UMOA': BÉNIN — 5,3637%, per 'Arrêté n°2026-N°265-C/MEF/DC/SGM/DGTCP/DAMF/SMPE/SP du 08 février 2026 fixant le taux de l'intérêt légal en République du Bénin pour l'année 2026'. Method (BCEAO): 'Le taux d'intérêt légal est fixé, par arrêté ou décret selon le pays, à l'initiative du Ministre chargé des Finances, pour la durée de l'année civile' and 'Il est pour l'année considérée, égal à la moyenne des taux maximum de refinancement applicables aux concours octroyés par la BCEAO au cours de l'année civile précédente, pondérés par les durées correspondantes'","url":"https://www.bceao.int/sites/default/files/inline-files/Taux%20d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20l%C3%A9gal%202026%20des%20pays%20de%20l%27UMOA.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax on salaries (ITS)","description":"Progressive monthly withholding schedule of the impot sur les traitements et salaires (ITS) - Benin's schedular tax on employment income - under the Code General des Impots.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-01-01","source":{"name":"Article 125, Code General des Impots 2026 - Loi n. 2021-15 du 23 decembre 2021 portant code general des impots de la Republique du Benin, mise a jour de la Loi n. 2025-22 du 08 decembre 2025 portant loi de finances pour la gestion 2026 (DGI consolidated edition)","url":"https://api.impots.bj/media/6984ebbbb7bc0_B%C3%A9nin-Code%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20des%20Imp%C3%B4ts%202026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Benin (BJ): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch of the CNSS regime, with the assiette, the absence of any contribution ceiling, and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale du Benin (CNSS), \"Procedure de recouvrement des cotisations\" rate page (prestations familiales 9%, risques professionnels 1 a 4%, pensions 6,4% employeur / 3,6% salarie, assiette, apprentice rule); loi n° 98-019 portant Code de securite sociale en Republique du Benin, as updated to 2007, articles 20-27 (ressources, assiette, liquidation, charge of each branch, precompte, recouvrement), article 82 (self-administration and the corresponding rate abatement), articles 95-96 (pension ceiling and its decret mechanism), articles 36-37 (mandatory rate revision on actuarial imbalance) - text published by the CNSS itself on its own site; Centre des liaisons europeennes et internationales de securite sociale (CLEISS), \"Les cotisations au Benin\", table stated effective 1 January 2024 (confirms 9% / 1-4% / 6,4% + 3,6%, the 0,2-point maternity element within family benefits, and that contributions are computed on total gross income).","url":"https://cnss.bj/procedure-de-recouvrement-des-cotisations/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bj/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"BW","name":"Botswana","currency":"BWP","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Monetary Policy Rate (MoPR)","description":"Bank of Botswana Monetary Policy Rate — the signalling rate at which the Bank conducts its 7-day Bank of Botswana Certificate (BoBC) auctions, repos and reverse repos, set by the Monetary Policy Committee (a statutory committee under the Bank of Botswana (Amendment) Act, 2022) at six scheduled meetings a year. The MoPR sits at the centre of a 200-basis-point corridor: Standing Deposit Facility 100bp below, Standing Credit Facility 100bp above.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-04-30","source":{"name":"Bank of Botswana — Press Release, Monetary Policy Committee Meets 18 June 2026: 'Monetary Policy Rate maintained at 5.5 percent' (decision (a) maintain the MoPR at 5.5 percent; (b) 7-day BoBC auctions, repos and reverse repos at 5.5 percent; (c) SDF 4.5 percent; (d) SCF 6.5 percent; (e) directive that commercial banks not increase Prime Lending Rates). Level first set at the 30 April 2026 MPC meeting","url":"https://www.bankofbotswana.bw/sites/default/files/press-release-files/Press%20Release%20-%20Monetary%20Policy%20Committee%20Decision%20June%202026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Value added tax standard rate on taxable supplies, taxable imports and reverse-charged supplies. VAT was introduced in Botswana on 1 July 2002. The Minister of Finance may vary the rate by Order in the Gazette by not more than two percentage points (s 78 of the Value Added Tax Act Cap 50:03; re-enacted as s 84 of the Value Added Tax Act, 2026).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-04-01","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Act, 2026 (No. 15 of 2026), s 7(2): 'The rate of VAT shall be, for — (a) a taxable supply that is a zero-rated supply, zero per cent; and (b) any other taxable supply, a taxable import, or a reverse charged supply, a rate of 14 per cent.' Supplement A, Botswana Government Extraordinary Gazette dated 1st July 2026, published by BURS on its Tax Laws 2026 page","url":"https://www.burs.org.bw/index.php/tax/tax-laws-2026?download=958:value-added-tax-act-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT/GST registration becomes compulsory in Botswana, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-26","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Act, 2026 (No. 15 of 2026), Supplement A — Botswana Government Extraordinary Gazette dated 1st July 2026 (published by BURS): s 12(2) 'The registration threshold referred to in subsection (1) shall be the amount specified in paragraph 2 of Schedule 5'; Schedule 5 para 2: 'For purposes of section 12 (2), the amount is P1 000 000.' Commenced 1 July 2026 by SI 95 of 2026 (Value Added Tax Act (Part Commencement Date) Order, 2026).","url":"https://www.burs.org.bw/index.php/tax/tax-laws-2026?download=958%3Avalue-added-tax-act-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (general hourly rate, scheduled trades)","description":"Botswana has NO single national minimum wage. Under Part XVI of the Employment Act (Cap 47:01) the Minister responsible for labour fixes minimum wages SECTOR BY SECTOR, by Order published in the Gazette, on the advice of the tripartite Minimum Wages Advisory Board (ss 132-137). The current instrument is the Regulation of Minimum Wages Order, S.I. No. 7 of 2024. This series carries the general hourly rate that applies across the scheduled trades; agriculture and domestic service are fixed monthly instead — see notes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"attested","effective_from":"2024-02-01","source":{"name":"Botswana Daily News (Botswana Press Agency, Government of Botswana), 'Government reviews instrument to raise minimum wage', 17 November 2025 — Minister of Labour and Home Affairs Major General Pius Mokgware: the minimum wage stands at P9.06 per hour under Statutory Instrument No. 7 of 2024, equal to P2,120.04 per month; Government is 'currently working toward reviewing the Statutory Instrument No. 7 of 2024 on minimum wage to increase it to P4,000'. Structure and effective date per Botswana Daily News, 'Government adjusts wage rates', 21 December 2023 (announcement of the adjustment effective 1 February 2024); statutory machinery per Employment Act Cap 47:01 Part XVI","url":"https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/89121"},"wage_schedules_available":["scheduled-trades","agriculture-and-domestic"],"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Public holidays named in the Schedule to the Public Holidays Act (Cap 03:07, re-enacted as Act 17 of 2006, commenced 15 September 2006), calendar year 2026 — 14 statutory days.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Public Holidays Act (Cap 03:07), Schedule and s 2(1) — official 'Copyright Government of Botswana' consolidated text; corroborated for 2026 dates by the Government of Botswana portal, Holidays & Breaks (www.gov.bw/holidays-and-breaks)","url":"https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/76156/BWA76156.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"National headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from Statistics Botswana's monthly Consumer Price Index release (index base December 2018 = 100).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Statistics Botswana CPI July 2026 PDF (released 14 August 2026). August 2026 CPI is scheduled 15 September 2026 and was not published at last_confirmed. National index 148.8 (June 151.6).","url":"https://statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/Consumer%20Price%20Index%20July%202026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard company income tax rate on taxable income, Schedule 1 Part I paragraph 3(d) of the Income Tax Act, 2026 (No. 13 of 2026). Botswana's tax year runs 1 July to 30 June.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Act, 2026 (No. 13 of 2026), Schedule 1 Part I para 3: 'The rate of income tax for companies is — ... (d) for any other company, 24.5 per cent.' Date of Assent 29.06.2026, Date of Commencement 01.07.2026; Supplement A, Botswana Government Extraordinary Gazette dated 1st July 2026, published by BURS on its Tax Laws 2026 page","url":"https://www.burs.org.bw/index.php/tax/tax-laws-2026?download=954:income-tax-act-amendment-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"Botswana domestic statutory withholding tax rates on payments to non-residents, administered by the Botswana Unified Revenue Service (BURS). Since 1 July 2026 these are imposed as 'non-resident tax' under section 10 and Schedule 1 paragraph 6 of the Income Tax Act, 2026 (Act No. 13 of 2026), which repealed the Income Tax Act Cap 52:01; the five long-standing rates were carried over unchanged.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Act, 2026 (Act No. 13 of 2026), Supplement A, Botswana Government Extraordinary Gazette dated 1st July 2026 (published by BURS). Face of Act: 'Date of Assent: 29.06.26. Date of Commencement: 01.07.2026.' Section 10(1): 'A non-resident tax is imposed at a rate specified in Schedule 1 on a non-resident... who has derived interest, a dividend, royalty, technical fee, natural resource amount, director's fee, or insurance premium, that is Botswana source income'. Schedule 1, Part I, paragraph 6 ('The rates of non-resident withholding tax are'): Dividends 10 per cent; Interest 15 per cent; Royalties 15 per cent; Technical fees 15 per cent; Insurance premium 3 per cent; Payments to entertainer 10 per cent; Director's fees 15 per cent; Natural resource amount 15 per cent; Repatriated profit 10 per cent; Capital gain 10 per cent. Section 132(1) requires the payer to 'withhold tax from the gross amount paid at the non-resident tax rate, specified in Schedule 1.'","url":"https://www.burs.org.bw/index.php/tax/tax-laws-2026?download=954:income-tax-act-amendment-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Prescribed rate of interest","description":"Botswana's statutory default interest: 10% per annum, fixed by the Prescribed Rate of Interest Order made under the Prescribed Rate of Interest Act (Cap 11:05), applying to debts where no rate was agreed and to judgment debts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"1978-01-01","source":{"name":"Prescribed Rate of Interest Act (Cap 11:05, Act 20 of 1978; subsidiary legislation S.I. 117 of 1978), long title: 'An Act to provide for the calculation of interest on a debt, in certain circumstances, at a prescribed rate, for the payment of interest on certain judgment debts and for matters connected therewith' — s 3 'Interest on a debt to be calculated at prescribed rate', s 4 'Interest on judgment debt'; the rate is fixed by the Prescribed Rate of Interest Order made under the Act","url":"https://botswanalaws.com/consolidated-statutes/principle-legislation/prescribed-rate-of-interest"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets (resident individuals)","description":"Statutory annual income tax rate schedule for RESIDENT individuals, Schedule 1 Part I paragraph 1 of the Income Tax Act, 2026, as published in BURS' Tax Table and Guidance Notes. Botswana's tax year runs 1 July to 30 June; the schedule is in Pula and is not automatically indexed.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"BURS — Tax Table and Guidance Notes (for Employee's Income), EFFECTIVE FROM 1ST JULY 2026, approved by the Commissioner General under s 142(1)(a) of the Income Tax Act; Part II Table I 'Annual Tax Deduction Table for Resident Employees (From tax year 2026-27) July 2026 onwards'. Statutory basis: Income Tax Act, 2026 (No. 13 of 2026), Schedule 1 Part I para 1","url":"https://www.burs.org.bw/index.php/tax/tax-downloads?download=953:tax-table-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Botswana (BW): none exist. Botswana operates no contributory national social-insurance scheme, and this record states what stands in its place and under what law.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Worker's Compensation Act, Cap. 47:03 (Laws of Botswana), Part IX \"Compulsory Insurance\", ss31-37, in particular s31(1)-(5), and s18 (method of calculating earnings); Employment Act, Cap. 47:01, s28 (severance benefit); Government of Botswana, Old Age Pension Allowance page (gov.bw/allowances/old-age-pension-allowance) and Workers Compensation page (gov.bw/occupational-health-safety/workers-compensation).","url":"https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/84998/BWA84998%202.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/bw/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"CD","name":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","currency":"CDF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"BCC taux directeur (policy rate)","description":"Taux directeur de la Banque Centrale du Congo — the BCC's headline refinancing rate, set by the Comité de Politique Monétaire (CPM) chaired by the Governor. The CPM holds four ordinary sessions a year on a calendar the BCC publishes in advance (Calendrier des réunions du CPM), and can meet in extraordinary session; decisions are announced in a numbered Communiqué du Comité de Politique Monétaire signed by the Governor.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-25","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-17","source":{"name":"Banque Centrale du Congo — Communiqué du Comité de Politique Monétaire n° 03/2026, session ordinaire du 17 juillet 2026, signé André Wameso Nkualoloki, Président : « abaisser le taux directeur de 100 points de base, passant de 13,5 % à 12,5 % et le taux sur la facilité de prêt marginal qui passe de 17,5 % à 16,5 % »","url":"https://resources.bcc.cd/publications/communiques/communique_de_presse_de_la_reunion_du_comite_de_politique_monetaire_du_17_juillet_2026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"TVA taux normal (standard VAT rate)","description":"Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, taux normal — the standard rate under Article 35 of Ordonnance-Loi n° 10/001 du 20 août 2010 portant institution de la Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée, as amended. Administered by the Direction Générale des Impôts (DGI) on domestic supplies and by the Direction Générale des Douanes et Accises (DGDA) on imports.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2012-01-01","source":{"name":"Code des Impôts (édition 2023), Livre I, IIIème Partie, Section 2 « Du taux d'imposition », Article 35 de l'Ordonnance-Loi n° 10/001 du 20 août 2010 (modifié par la L.F. n° 21/029 du 31 décembre 2021 et la L.F. n° 22/071 du 28 décembre 2022) : « taux normal : 16% applicable à toutes les opérations imposables à l'exclusion des opérations soumises au taux réduit ou au taux zéro » — publié par la Direction Générale des Impôts","url":"https://dgi.gouv.cd/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CODE-DES-IMPOTS-2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2013-02-23","source":{"name":"Ordonnance-loi n° 10/001 du 20 août 2010 portant institution de la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, art. 14, tel que modifié par l'Ordonnance-loi n° 13/007 du 23 février 2013 : \"Les personnes morales et physiques sont assujetties à la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée lorsqu'elles réalisent un chiffre d'affaires annuel égal ou supérieur à 80.000.000 de Francs congolais\" ('legal and natural persons are subject to VAT when they realise an annual turnover equal to or greater than 80,000,000 Congolese francs'); art. 14 al. 2 : \"les membres des professions libérales sont assujettis à la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, sans considération de leur chiffre d'affaires\" ('members of the liberal professions are subject to VAT without regard to their turnover'). Current figure restated on the official DGI portal ('un chiffre d'affaires annuel égal ou supérieur à 80 000 000 de Francs congolais').","url":"https://dgi.gouv.cd/taxe-sur-la-valeur-ajoutee-tva/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"SMIG — salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti (taux journalier)","description":"Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti — the national statutory minimum wage for the 'travailleur manœuvre ordinaire', fixed by decree of the Prime Minister under Article 87 of the Code du travail (Loi n° 015/2002 du 16 octobre 2002, as amended by Loi n° 016/010 du 15 juillet 2016), after the Conseil National du Travail is heard. It is expressed as a DAILY rate in Congolese francs; weekly, monthly and annual equivalents are derived from it by fixed multipliers.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-21","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Décret n° 25/22 du 30 mai 2025 portant fixation du salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti, des allocations familiales minima et de la contre-valeur du logement — Art. 2 : « Le taux journalier du Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti est fixé à 21 500 Francs Congolais pour le travailleur manœuvre ordinaire » ; Art. 3 : payé « à partir de la paie du mois de mai 2025, à 14 500 Francs Congolais » puis « à partir de la paie du mois de janvier 2026, à 21 500 Francs Congolais ». Signé Judith Suminwa Tuluka, Première Ministre, contresigné Éphraïm Akwakwa Nametu, Ministre de l'Emploi et Travail. Application confirmée par la Primature le 21 janvier 2026","url":"https://www.primature.gouv.cd/2026/01/21/application-du-smig-a-21-500-fc-judith-suminwa-ne-recule-pas-et-encourage-la-tenue-du-cnt-pour-maintenir-le-dialogue-social-entre-les-parties/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Jours fériés légaux under Ordonnance n° 23-042 du 30 mars 2023 fixant la liste des jours fériés légaux en République démocratique du Congo (J.O. RDC, 15 mai 2023), taken under Article 123 of the Code du travail. Ten fixed-date holidays, no moveable religious feasts. Dates below are the 2026 OBSERVED dates announced by the Ministère de l'Emploi et Travail, which differ from the statutory dates in three cases — see notes.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-05","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Ordonnance n° 23-042 du 30 mars 2023 fixant la liste des jours fériés légaux en République démocratique du Congo (J.O. RDC, 15 mai 2023), Art. 1er et 2 — signée Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo, Premier ministre Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde Kyenge, sur proposition du ministre de l'Emploi, du Travail et de la Prévoyance sociale, le Conseil national du travail entendu. Texte du Journal Officiel reproduit par droitcongolais.info (journalofficiel.cd renvoyait HTTP 503 à la vérification)","url":"https://www.droitcongolais.info/files/143.03.23_Ordonnance-du-30-mars-2023_jours-feries.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Inflation en glissement annuel (year-on-year CPI inflation)","description":"Year-on-year consumer price inflation for the DRC, from the Institut National de la Statistique (INS) price index republished WEEKLY by the Banque Centrale du Congo in its statistics portal (Secteur réel > Hebdomadaire > Taux d'inflation/INS). The DRC's headline price statistic is a weekly series with Saturday reference dates, not a monthly release.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-09-01","source":{"name":"BCC/INS weekly YoY — Glissement annuel % 3,385 2026-09-S1","url":"https://www.bcc.cd/statistiques/secteur-reel/inflation"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Impôt sur les sociétés (IS) — standard rate","description":"Standard corporate income tax rate on the net taxable profit of companies and other legal persons, under Loi n° 23/053 du 30 novembre 2023 relative à l'impôt sur les sociétés et à l'impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques, which entered into force on 1 January 2026 and replaced the impôt sur les bénéfices et profits (IBP) of Ordonnance-loi n° 69/009 du 10 février 1969. Assessed and collected by the Direction Générale des Impôts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2019-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 23/053 du 30 novembre 2023 relative à l'impôt sur les sociétés et à l'impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques, art. 56 (taux 30%), JORDC 64e année, Première partie, n° spécial du 29 décembre 2023 — gazette scan hosted by the DGI; rate originated by la Loi de finances n° 18/025 du 13 décembre 2018 pour l'exercice 2019, art. 17 (35% → 30%), in force 1 January 2019","url":"https://dgi.gouv.cd/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/loi-is-et-Irpp.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes the Democratic Republic of the Congo levies on payments to non-residents - the impot mobilier (impot sur les revenus mobiliers) on dividends, interest and royalties, and the 14% withholding on service fees paid to persons not established in the DRC - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Direction Generale des Impots (DGI).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-26","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Ordonnance-loi n° 69/009 du 10 fevrier 1969 relative aux impots cedulaires sur les revenus (consolidated text): art. 26 'L'impot mobilier est fixe a 20 %.'; art. 83 (as amended by Loi de finances n° 15/021 du 31 decembre 2015) 'Le taux de l'impot professionnel est fixe a 14 % sur les sommes payees en remuneration des prestations de services de toute nature fournies par des personnes physiques ou morales non etablies en Republique Democratique du Congo.' Corroborated post-reform by PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries - DRC Withholding taxes (last reviewed 21 April 2026): dividends 10-20%, interest 0-20%, royalties 20%, services 14%.","url":"https://finances.gouv.cd/uploads/files/Code%20des%20Imp%C3%B4ts%202021.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Moratory interest (intérêts moratoires)","description":"The Democratic Republic of the Congo fixes no legal interest rate: article 51 of Book III of the Civil Code states in terms that the rate of moratory interest is set by the judge, case by case.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Code civil congolais, livre III (Décret du 30 juillet 1888), art. 51: 'Dans les obligations qui se bornent au payement d'une certaine somme, les dommages et intérêts résultant du retard dans l'exécution ne consistent jamais que dans la condamnation aux intérêts dont le taux sera fixé par le juge. Ces dommages et intérêts sont dus sans que le créancier soit tenu de justifier d'aucune perte. Ils ne sont dus que du jour de la demande, excepté dans les cas où la loi les fait courir de plein droit'; annotation: 'Les intérêts moratoires sont fixés par le juge qui doit, dans chaque cas, les proportionner au préjudice subi'","url":"https://www.luebo.org/biblio/docs/DRO121-Code%20des%20Obligations%20annot%C3%A9s%20corrig%C3%A9.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"IRPP — barème progressif (personal income tax bands)","description":"Impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques: the progressive annual scale applied to a resident individual's revenu net global (the sum of net categorical incomes — salaries, investment income, capital gains, business, non-commercial and agricultural profits), under Loi n° 23/053 du 30 novembre 2023, in force from 1 January 2026. Salary income is withheld at source by the employer under the same scale.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2020-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 23/053 du 30 novembre 2023 relative à l'impôt sur les sociétés et à l'impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques, art. 118 (barème 3/15/30/40, plafonné à 30% du revenu imposable), JORDC 64e année, Première partie, n° spécial du 29 décembre 2023 — gazette scan hosted by the DGI; the barème in this exact form dates from la Loi de finances n° 19/005 du 31 décembre 2019 pour l'exercice 2020, art. 17","url":"https://dgi.gouv.cd/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/loi-is-et-Irpp.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (CD): employee and employer shares of each branch of the régime général de la sécurité sociale administered by the Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale, with the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2019-01-01","source":{"name":"Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (CNSS), \"Recueil de textes légaux, réglementaires et mesures d'exécution de la loi 16/009 du 15 juillet 2016\" (cnss.cd, published 2024) — the Fund's own published compendium, read in full for the relevant provisions; within it: Loi n° 16/009 du 15 juillet 2016 fixant les règles relatives au régime général de la sécurité sociale (Journal Officiel, Numéro Spécial, 28 juillet 2016), Articles 6, 8-21; Décret n° 18/041 du 24 novembre 2018 fixant les taux de cotisations dues à la Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale, Articles 1 to 11, signed at Kinshasa on 24 November 2018 by Prime Minister Bruno Tshibala Nzenzhe and the Ministre d'État, Ministre du Travail, Emploi et Prévoyance sociale Lambert Matuku Memas; and the ministerial order implementing the occupational-risk prevention regime, Articles 19 to 25. CNSS \"Paiement des cotisations\" and \"Déclaration des cotisations\" pages for the payment deadline and late-payment surcharge.","url":"https://cnss.cd/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Recueil-de-textes-legal-reglementaires-et-mesures-dexecution-de-la-loi-16-009-du-15-juillet-2016-1.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cd/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"CF","name":"Central African Republic","currency":"XAF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy interest rate (BEAC TIAO)","description":"Taux d'Interet des Appels d'Offres (TIAO) of the Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale, the single monetary policy rate for all six CEMAC member states including the Central African Republic.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-29","source":{"name":"BEAC, Décision N° 01/CPM/2026 du 29 juin 2026 portant fixation des taux directeurs de la BEAC (Comité de Politique Monétaire, 2e session ordinaire, Yaoundé, 29 juin 2026, signée Yvon Sana Bangui) — TIAO 4,50%","url":"https://www.beac.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/D%C3%A9cision-N%C2%B001-CPM.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value added tax (TVA) - standard rate","description":"Standard rate of the taxe sur la valeur ajoutee levied under the Central African Republic General Tax Code.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2019-01-01","source":{"name":"Code General des Impots de la Republique Centrafricaine, Article 257 (as amended by the Loi de Finances 2019), Edition officielle mise a jour 2023/DGID","url":"https://www.finances.gouv.cf/sites/default/files/2023-05/CGI%20RCA%202017%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in the Central African Republic, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2017-01-01","source":{"name":"Code Général des Impôts 2017, édition officielle mise à jour 2023/DGID (Ministère des Finances et du Budget, RCA), art. 247: 'Les personnes visées à l'alinéa 4 ci-dessus, soumises à l'impôt sur le bénéfice des sociétés ou à l'impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques et réalisant des opérations pour un chiffre d'affaires annuel supérieur à 30.000.000 F CFA sont des redevables de plein droit' (Persons referred to in paragraph 4 above, subject to corporate income tax or personal income tax and carrying out operations with an annual turnover exceeding XAF 30,000,000, are VAT payers as of right); same article: 'Les personnes physiques ou morales réalisant un chiffre d'affaires annuel inférieur au seuil d'imposition susvisé sont exclues du champ d'application de la TVA. Toutefois, elles peuvent opter pour leur assujettissement à la TVA.' (Natural or legal persons with annual turnover below the aforesaid threshold are excluded from the scope of VAT; they may however opt in.) The threshold is part of the base text of the CGI 2017 (no Loi de Finances amendment tag on art. 247 in the official 2023 consolidation), carried unchanged through the LF 2018-2023 updates incorporated in that edition.","url":"https://www.finances.gouv.cf/sites/default/files/2023-05/CGI%20RCA%202017%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Guaranteed interprofessional minimum wage (SMIG)","description":"Salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti - the general statutory monthly wage floor for non-agricultural employment in the Central African Republic.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"attested","effective_from":"2022-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°09.004 du 29 janvier 2009 portant Code du Travail de la Republique Centrafricaine, Article 240 (SMIG and SMAG are fixed by arrete of the Minister in charge of Labour after opinion of the Conseil National Permanent du Travail); rate set by Decret n°21.349 du 31 decembre 2021 portant revalorisation du SMIG et du SMAG","url":"https://www.africa-laws.org/centrafricaine/Employment%20law/Code%20du%20travail.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Statutory public holidays (jours feries chomes et payes) observed in the Central African Republic for calendar year 2026.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°09.004 du 29 janvier 2009 portant Code du Travail de la Republique Centrafricaine, Articles 217 and 264 (paid-public-holiday regime and overtime premia for jours feries chomes et payes); enumerating instrument: Loi n°62-315 du 28 avril 1962 fixant les fetes legales, as amended by Loi n°64-55 du 27 novembre 1964 and Ordonnance n°74-024 du 21 fevrier 1974","url":"https://www.africa-laws.org/centrafricaine/Employment%20law/Code%20du%20travail.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (IHPC)","description":"Harmonised consumer price index inflation for the Central African Republic, annual average, CEMAC harmonised index (base 100 = 2019).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Commission de la CEMAC, 'Note sur l'inflation dans les pays membres de la CEMAC - Annee 2025', N°0006, edition mai 2026 (published 2 July 2026), Tableau 2 (Indice CEMAC base 100 = 2019; source: INS des Etats membres et calcul CEMAC)","url":"https://cemac.int/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Note_ihpc_CEMAC_2025_FR.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (impot sur les societes)","description":"Standard statutory rate of the Central African corporate income tax on company profits.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2017-01-01","source":{"name":"Code General des Impots de la Republique Centrafricaine, Article 133, Edition officielle mise a jour 2023/DGID","url":"https://www.finances.gouv.cf/sites/default/files/2023-05/CGI%20RCA%202017%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes the Central African Republic levies on payments to non-residents - dividends and interest (revenus de capitaux mobiliers), royalties, and remuneration for services paid abroad (retenue a la source liberatoire) - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Direction Generale des Impots et des Domaines (DGID) under the Code general des impots 2017 (official 2023 update).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2017-01-01","source":{"name":"Code general des impots 2017, edition officielle mise a jour 2023 (DGID/Ministere des Finances et du Budget): Art. 52 - 'les revenus de capitaux mobiliers, lorsqu'ils beneficient a des personnes physiques ou morales qui n'ont pas leur domicile reel ou leur siege en Republique Centrafricaine, sont assujettis a une retenue a la source de l'IRPP, liberatoire dont le taux est fixe a l'article 84' ('income from movable capital, where it accrues to individuals or legal persons without their real domicile or seat in the Central African Republic, is subject to a final IRPP withholding at the rate fixed by Article 84'); Art. 84 - 'liquide par application de 15% du montant brut des revenus distribues' ('computed by applying 15% to the gross amount of the income distributed'); Art. 166 bis 1 - 'S'agissant des remunerations des prestations de services versees a l'etranger et sous reserve des conventions internationales, le taux de la retenue est de 15%. Cette retenue constitue pour le redevable un prelevement liberatoire' ('For remuneration for services paid abroad, and subject to international conventions, the withholding rate is 15%. This withholding is a final levy for the taxpayer')","url":"https://www.finances.gouv.cf/sites/default/files/2023-05/CGI%20RCA%202017%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux d'intérêt légal)","description":"The Central African Republic publishes no legal interest rate. OHADA commercial law entitles an unpaid creditor to interest 'au taux d'intérêt légal' but leaves the figure to national law, and no Central African statute, décret or arrêté fixes one.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"OHADA, Acte uniforme relatif au droit commercial général (Journal officiel de l'OHADA n°1 du 1er octobre 1997, signed for the République Centrafricaine at Cotonou on 17 April 1997), art. 263: 'Si une partie ne paie pas le prix ou toute autre somme due, l'autre partie a droit à des intérêts sur cette somme, calculés au taux d'intérêt légal, applicable en matière commerciale, et ce, sans préjudice des dommages et intérêts qu'elle peut être fondée à demander... Les intérêts courent de l'envoi de la mise en demeure adressée à l'autre partie par lettre recommandée avec accusé de réception, ou par tout autre moyen écrit' (renumbered by the revised Act adopted at Lomé on 15 December 2010, commonly cited as art. 291) — the rate itself is left to national law, and the Central African Republic has fixed none","url":"https://biblio.ohada.org/doc_num.php?explnum_id=481"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (IRPP) - salary schedule","description":"Progressive annual scale of the impot sur le revenu des personnes physiques applied to employment income in the Central African Republic.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2017-01-01","source":{"name":"Code General des Impots de la Republique Centrafricaine, Article 86 (bareme annuel applicable aux salaries), Edition officielle mise a jour 2023/DGID","url":"https://www.finances.gouv.cf/sites/default/files/2023-05/CGI%20RCA%202017%20mise%20%C3%A0%20jour%202023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in the Central African Republic (CF): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch of the CNSS regime, with the assiette, the statutory allocation of each branch and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2006-12-28","source":{"name":"Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale de Centrafrique (CNSS), own \"Les cotisations sociales\" rate page (19% a la charge de l'Employeur split 12% prestations familiales et maternite, 3% risques professionnels and 4% pensions de vieillesse; 3% a la charge du travailleur for the pensions branch) and own \"Recouvrement des cotisations sociales\" and \"Declaration mensuelle des salaires\" pages (contributions assises et prelevees sur les salaires; monthly declaration for employers with 20 or more employees; quarterly nominative statement; remittance by the 30th of the civil month following that in which the salaries were paid); loi n° 06.035 du 28 decembre 2006 portant Code de securite sociale de la Republique Centrafricaine, articles 14-21 (assiette, exclusions, precompte, allocation of each branch, the 50% cap on the worker's pension share, the occupational-risk doubling penalty, employer's liability for the total, declaration obligations), articles 35, 38 and 39 (reserve minima and mandatory rate revision), article 190 read with article 171 (offence of deducting occupational-risk contributions from pay); loi n° 06.034 du 28 decembre 2006 creating the CNSS in place of the Office Centrafricain de Securite Sociale; Conference interafricaine de la prevoyance sociale (CIPRES), institutional page for the CNSS de Centrafrique (four branches listed, the fourth - health insurance - recorded as \"en etude\").","url":"https://cnssrca.org/les-cotisations-sociales/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cf/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"CG","name":"Republic of the Congo","currency":"XAF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy rate (BEAC TIAO)","description":"Taux d'Interet des Appels d'Offres (TIAO), the principal policy rate of the Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale, applicable union-wide to all six CEMAC member states including the Republic of the Congo.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-29","source":{"name":"BEAC, Décision N° 01/CPM/2026 du 29 juin 2026 portant fixation des taux directeurs de la BEAC (Comité de Politique Monétaire, 2e session ordinaire, Yaoundé, 29 juin 2026, signée Yvon Sana Bangui) — TIAO 4,50%","url":"https://www.beac.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/D%C3%A9cision-N%C2%B001-CPM.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value added tax (TVA)","description":"Standard rate of the taxe sur la valeur ajoutee applicable in the Republic of the Congo.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"1997-05-12","source":{"name":"Loi n° 12-97 du 12 mai 1997 portant institution de la Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée, article 17 ('taux normal : 18%'), signed original on the official SGG host; standard rate restated unchanged by Loi n° 42 du 31 décembre 2025 (styled 42-2025) portant loi de finances pour l'année 2026 (JO édition spéciale n° 3-2026, 'la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée (TVA), fixée à 18%')","url":"https://www.sgg.cg/textes-officiels/lois/1997/congo-loi-1997-12.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°42 du 31 décembre 2025 portant loi de finances pour l'année 2026 (JO de la République du Congo, édition spéciale n°3 du 5 janvier 2026), restating the CGI: art. 96(1) 'Les contribuables dont le chiffre d'affaires n'excèdent pas le seuil d'assujettissement à la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, sont imposés selon le régime du forfait' (taxpayers whose turnover does not exceed the VAT liability threshold are taxed under the flat-rate regime); art. 102 'Les contribuables dont le chiffre d'affaires est supérieur ou égal au seuil d'assujettissement à la TVA sont assujettis au régime de l'imposition assis sur le bénéfice réel' (taxpayers whose turnover is equal to or above the VAT liability threshold fall under the actual-profit regime); and the same law's budget-execution rules, point 4.f: 'Le régime du forfait est celui selon lequel : - le chiffre d'affaires maximum annuel du vendeur ou fournisseur est inférieur à 100 millions de FCFA...' (the flat-rate regime is the one under which the seller's maximum annual turnover is below FCFA 100 million), with point 4.e providing that VAT and its surcharge 'ne figurent pas sur la facture' (do not appear on the invoice) of flat-rate suppliers. The VAT itself is instituted by loi n°12-97 du 12 mai 1997 as codified in CGI Tome 2 and repeatedly amended by Lois de Finances; EY Worldwide VAT Guide (March 2026) confirms the current Article 5 position: legal persons are liable irrespective of turnover, natural persons only when turnover is equal to or exceeds XAF 100 million.","url":"https://sgg.cg/JO/2026/congo-jo-2026-3-3.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (SMIG)","description":"Salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti - the single national statutory minimum wage, valid across the whole territory and all sectors.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Decret n. 2024-2762 du 20 novembre 2024 fixant le montant du salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti (SMIG), art. 1 and art. 4, signed Denis Sassou-N'Guesso (Presidence de la Republique / Secretariat General du Gouvernement)","url":"https://www.oarh.cg/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Decret-n%C2%B02024-2762-du-20-novembre-2024-fixant-le-montant-du-salaire-minimum-interprofessionnel-garanti-SMIG.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Fetes legales, chomees et payees for calendar year 2026 in the Republic of the Congo.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-31","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n. 2-94 du 1er mars 1994 fixant les jours feries, chomes et payes, art. 1 (Parlement de la Republique du Congo), scanned original published by the Secretariat General du Gouvernement","url":"https://www.sgg.cg/textes-officiels/lois/1994/congo-loi-1994-02.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (INHPC)","description":"Indice National Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation des menages, base 100 = 2018; headline year-on-year inflation rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-26","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Institut National de la Statistique (INS), Ministere de l'Economie, du Plan, de la Statistique et de la Prospective, 'Indice national harmonise des prix a la consommation des menages (INHPC base 100 : 2018), mois de juin 2026', Tableau 1.1 INDICE GLOBAL : « L'Indice National Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation (INHPC) s'est etabli a 124,4 points au mois de juin 2026. Il a enregistre une hausse mensuelle de 0,1 % par rapport au mois de mai 2026 et une augmentation de 5,9 % en glissement annuel »","url":"https://ins-congo.cg/bulletin-inhpc-du-moi-de-juin/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (impot sur les societes)","description":"General statutory rate of the impot sur les societes for resident companies.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 42 du 31 décembre 2025 (styled 42-2025 by convention; the JO prints 'Loi n° 42') portant loi de finances pour l'annee 2026, art. 86 A du Code general des impots (tome 1) as restated: 'Le taux general de l'impot sur les societes est fixe a 28%', Journal officiel de la Republique du Congo, edition speciale n. 3-2026 du 5 janvier 2026","url":"https://sgg.cg/JO/2026/congo-jo-2026-3-2.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) levies on payments to non-residents - dividends and other income from movable capital under the IRCM, and the retenue a la source on remuneration paid to persons without fiscal domicile or residence in Congo (services, royalties, non-bond interest) - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Direction Generale des Impots et des Domaines; the paying entity in Congo withholds.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-31","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 42-2025 du 31 decembre 2025 portant loi de finances pour l'annee 2026, Journal officiel de la Republique du Congo, edition speciale n° 3-2026 du 05/01/2026 (restates CGI Livre I per CEMAC Directive n° 0119/25-UEAC-177-CM-42): Article 110 'Le taux de l'impot sur le revenu des capitaux mobiliers est fixe a 15%' (the rate of the tax on income from movable capital is set at 15%); Article 92 B referencing 'le taux general de 20% prevu a l'article 185 ter C du present code' (the general 20% rate provided by article 185 ter C)","url":"https://sgg.cg/JO/2026/congo-jo-2026-3-2.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux d'intérêt légal)","description":"The Republic of the Congo publishes no legal interest rate. OHADA commercial law entitles an unpaid creditor to interest 'au taux d'intérêt légal' but leaves the figure to national law, and no Congolese statute, décret or arrêté fixes one.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"OHADA, Acte uniforme relatif au droit commercial général (Journal officiel de l'OHADA n°1 du 1er octobre 1997), art. 263: 'Si une partie ne paie pas le prix ou toute autre somme due, l'autre partie a droit à des intérêts sur cette somme, calculés au taux d'intérêt légal, applicable en matière commerciale, et ce, sans préjudice des dommages et intérêts qu'elle peut être fondée à demander... Les intérêts courent de l'envoi de la mise en demeure adressée à l'autre partie par lettre recommandée avec accusé de réception, ou par tout autre moyen écrit' (renumbered by the revised Act adopted at Lomé on 15 December 2010, commonly cited as art. 291) — the rate itself is left to national law, and Congo has fixed none","url":"https://biblio.ohada.org/doc_num.php?explnum_id=481"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (IRPP / impot sur les traitements et salaires)","description":"Progressive scale applied to the quotient familial (taxable net salary divided by the number of family parts), per art. 116 G of the Code general des impots.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 42 du 31 décembre 2025 (styled 42-2025 by convention; the JO prints 'Loi n° 42') portant loi de finances pour l'annee 2026, art. 116 G du Code general des impots (nouveau bareme), Journal officiel de la Republique du Congo, edition speciale n. 3-2026 du 5 janvier 2026, p. 65-66","url":"https://sgg.cg/JO/2026/congo-jo-2026-3-2.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in the Republic of the Congo (CG): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch of the CNSS regime, plus the universal health solidarity contribution and the apprenticeship levy, with the two ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Republique du Congo, Ministere de la Fonction Publique, \"Les obligations sociales des entreprises\" (rate table headed \"Taux de cotisations au 1er janvier 2016\" giving prestations familiales 10,03%, accidents du travail 2,25% and assurance vieillesse 8% employeur / 4% salarie, with monthly ceilings of 600 000 and 1 200 000 FCFA and an annual ceiling of 7 200 000 FCFA on the short-term branches; totals of 20,28% employer and 4% worker; the 1% taxe d'apprentissage; the private-sector SMIG of 54 400 FCFA; the CNSS's founding law and its three branches; and the voluntary scheme for non-salaried workers); loi n° 004/86 du 25 fevrier 1986 portant Code de la securite sociale en Republique du Congo; Centre des liaisons europeennes et internationales de securite sociale (CLEISS), \"Les cotisations au Congo\", table stated effective 1 January 2023 (corroborates 10,03% / 2,25% / 8% + 4% and both ceilings; differs on health and lists further employer levies); Congolese payroll practice sources for the CAMU solidarity contribution of 0,5% on the CNSS-net excess above 500 000 FCFA and its non-deductibility from the ITS; loi de finances pour 2026, loi n° 42-2025 du 31 decembre 2025 (recasting the ITS).","url":"https://fonction-publique.gouv.cg/sites/default/files/2021-07/Les_obligations_sociales_des_entreprises.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cg/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"CI","name":"Côte d'Ivoire","currency":"XOF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"BCEAO main policy rate (taux minimum de soumission)","description":"BCEAO principal policy rate — the taux d'intérêt minimum de soumission aux appels d'offres. Set by the BCEAO Monetary Policy Committee (CPM) for the whole 8-state WAEMU/UEMOA union; identical in Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-16","source":{"name":"BCEAO - Communique de presse, reunion ordinaire du CPM tenue le 10 juin 2026 (taux maintenus; principal taux directeur 3,00% en vigueur depuis le 16 mars 2026)","url":"https://www.bceao.int/fr/communique-presse/reunion-ordinaire-du-comite-de-politique-monetaire-de-la-bceao-tenue-le-10-juin"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate (TVA)","description":"Standard taxe sur la valeur ajoutée (TVA) rate under the Code Général des Impôts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2003-07-07","source":{"name":"Direction Générale des Impôts (DGI) — « Impôts et taxes en Côte d'Ivoire »","url":"https://dgi.gouv.ci/assets/documents/IMPOTS%20ET%20TAXES%20EN%20COTE%20D'IVOIRE%20.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"Charging VAT becomes compulsory in Côte d'Ivoire when annual turnover (chiffre d'affaires toutes taxes comprises) exceeds FCFA 200,000,000 — the entry point of the régimes réels d'imposition — while non-established suppliers face a nil threshold with VAT accounted for via a représentant fiscal or by the Ivorian customer (CGI art. 442), and non-resident digital platforms must register remotely and charge 18% VAT from the first franc under the annexe fiscale 2022 e-commerce regime, operational since April 2024.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2021-01-08","source":{"name":"Code général des Impôts (CI), art. 347, threshold set by art. 33 of the annexe fiscale to loi n° 2020-972 du 23 décembre 2020 (Budget de l'État 2021), in force 8 January 2021: 'Les personnes ne sont autorisées à facturer la TVA que si leur chiffre d'affaires annuel toutes taxes comprises est supérieur à 200 000 000 de francs' ('Persons are only authorised to charge VAT if their annual turnover, all taxes included, exceeds 200,000,000 francs'). Operative rule verified in the DGI's own publications on dgi.gouv.ci ('Le système fiscal ivoirien'; 'Impôts et taxes en Côte d'Ivoire'): art. 71 bis CGI — microenterprise regime = CA TTC 'compris entre 50 000 001 francs et 200 000 000 de francs', with 'Les contribuables soumis à l'impôt des microentreprises ne sont pas autorisés à facturer la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, ni à transmettre un droit à déduction' ('taxpayers under the microenterprise tax are not authorised to invoice VAT nor to pass on a right of deduction'); art. 45 CGI — régime du réel simplifié = CA TTC 'compris entre 200 000 001 francs et 500 millions de francs'. E-commerce provisions verified in the official text of art. 7, annexe fiscale to loi n° 2021-899 du 21 décembre 2021 (budget.gouv.ci) and DGI Note explicative n° 3949/MBPE/DGI/DLCD-SDU du 9 octobre 2023.","url":"https://www.dgi.gouv.ci/assets/documents/LE%20SYSTEME%20FISCAL%20IVOIRIEN.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (SMIG)","description":"Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti (SMIG), monthly, for industry/commerce/services. A separate agricultural minimum (SMAG) applies to farm work.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Décret n°2022-986 du 21 décembre 2022 portant revalorisation du SMIG (60 000 → 75 000 FCFA/mois, en vigueur au 1er janvier 2023) — official institutional citation via CNPS, 'Communiqué à l'attention des employeurs' du 11 janvier 2023 (cnps.ci), which names the decree and both values; the Journal Officiel text itself is sold behind the SGG paywall (sgg.gouv.ci/jo.php) and is not freely published","url":"https://www.cnps.ci/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/NOUVEAU-PLAFOND-DES-COTISATIONS-SOCIALES-DE-LA-CNPS.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"National public holidays (jours fériés) for calendar year 2026: fixed civil/Christian dates set by law, plus movable Muslim festivals declared each year by ministerial decree following COSIM/CODISS lunar observation.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Code du Travail (loi n°2015-532 du 20 juillet 2015), art. 24.2, et décret n°96-205 du 7 mars 1996 modifié; dates musulmanes déclarées par arrêté annuel du Ministère de l'Emploi et de la Protection Sociale","url":"https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=101399"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-21","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Statistique (ANStat) — Indice Harmonisé des Prix à la Consommation (IHPC), juillet 2026, bulletin n°321, date d'édition 10 août 2026 (posted 13/08/2026): « Évolution de l'Indice sur 12 mois : Une hausse de 1,9% » ; Tableau 1 indice global 106,0 (Base 100 en 2023), variations +0,1% /mois, +0,9% /3mois, +1,9% /12mois","url":"https://www.anstat.ci/assets/publications/files/File_val_indicateur_20260813084658_32d53f89b9e538e1.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national tax authority or Code Général des Impôts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2007-12-28","source":{"name":"Direction Générale des Impôts (DGI) — « Impôts et taxes en Côte d'Ivoire » (impôt sur les bénéfices industriels et commerciaux / impôt sur les sociétés), Code Général des Impôts","url":"https://dgi.gouv.ci/assets/documents/IMPOTS%20ET%20TAXES%20EN%20COTE%20D'IVOIRE%20.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Cote d'Ivoire levies at source on payments to non-residents - the impot sur le revenu des valeurs mobilieres (IRVM) on dividends, the impot sur le revenu des creances (IRC) on interest, and the retenue a la source BNC on services and royalties paid to persons without a professional installation in Cote d'Ivoire - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax convention relief. Imposed by the Code general des impots, administered by the Direction generale des impots (DGI).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"DGI Cote d'Ivoire, 'Impots et taxes en Cote d'Ivoire': IRVM (art. 180 et s. CGI) - 'Taux de droit commun 15%... porte a 17% pour les beneficiaires personnes physiques... 10% pour les dividendes regulierement mis en paiement par les societes cotees a la Bourse regionale des Valeurs mobilieres'; IRC (art. 192 et s. CGI) - 'Taux de droit commun : 18%'; BNC retenues a la source (art. 92 et s. CGI)","url":"https://www.dgi.gouv.ci/assets/documents/IMPOTS%20ET%20TAXES%20EN%20COTE%20D'IVOIRE%20.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux de l'intérêt légal)","description":"Côte d'Ivoire's legal interest rate, fixed for each calendar year by ministerial arrêté under the UMOA uniform law: 5.3637% for 2026, the same figure applying in all eight UMOA member states because the formula runs off union-wide BCEAO refinancing rates.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"BCEAO, 'Taux d'intérêt légal 2026 des pays de l'UMOA': COTE D'IVOIRE — 5,3637%, per 'Arrêté n°0012/MEFB/DGTCP/DECFinEx du 13 février 2026 portant fixation du taux de l'intérêt légal pour l'année 2026'. Method (BCEAO): 'Le taux d'intérêt légal est fixé, par arrêté ou décret selon le pays, à l'initiative du Ministre chargé des Finances, pour la durée de l'année civile' and 'Il est pour l'année considérée, égal à la moyenne des taux maximum de refinancement applicables aux concours octroyés par la BCEAO au cours de l'année civile précédente, pondérés par les durées correspondantes'","url":"https://www.bceao.int/sites/default/files/inline-files/Taux%20d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20l%C3%A9gal%202026%20des%20pays%20de%20l%27UMOA.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax scale (Impôt sur le revenu) — income bands and marginal rates for resident individuals, from the tax authority / Code Général des Impôts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"DGI Côte d'Ivoire — Ordonnance n°2023-719 du 13 septembre 2023 (réforme des impôts sur les traitements et salaires), Note DGI n°00026/MFB/DGI/DLCD du 03 janvier 2024; barème du Code Général des Impôts","url":"https://www.dgi.gouv.ci/assets/documents/DOCTRINE%20FISCALE%202024/IMPOTS%20DIRECTS/IMPOT%20SUR%20LES%20TRAITEMENTS,%20SALAIRES,%20PENSIONS%20ET%20RENTES%20VIAGERES/N%C2%B0%2000026%20MFB%20DGI%20DLCD%20DU%2003%20JAN%202024%20Pr%C3%A9cisions%20relatives%20aux%20am%C3%A9nagements%20...%20des%20salari%C3%A9s.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Cote d'Ivoire (CI): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch of the CNPS regime plus the universal health contribution, with the floor, the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Caisse nationale de prevoyance sociale de Cote d'Ivoire (CNPS), \"Communique a l'attention des employeurs\" of January 2023 announcing the new plancher and plafonds following decret n°2022-986 du 21 decembre 2022 portant revalorisation du SMIG; CNPS, \"Taux de cotisation / Recouvrement\" employer leaflet (rates by branch, assiette, payment periodicity, annual DISA/DASC regularisation); CNPS employer web page (retirement split 7,7% employeur / 6,3% salarie; branches exclusively employer-borne); Code de prevoyance sociale, loi n°99-477 du 2 aout 1999 portant modification du Code de prevoyance sociale, articles 5 (affiliation), 23 (assiette), 26 (declaration annuelle), 29 (recouvrement); decret n°2022-986 du 21 decembre 2022 portant revalorisation du Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti; loi n°2014-131 du 24 mars 2014 instituant la Couverture Maladie Universelle and decret n°2014-395 du 25 juin 2014 creating IPS-CNAM; Direction generale de la Couverture Maladie Universelle (DGCMU) public information.","url":"https://www.cnps.ci/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/NOUVEAU-PLAFOND-DES-COTISATIONS-SOCIALES-DE-LA-CNPS.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ci/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"CM","name":"Cameroon","currency":"XAF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy interest rate (BEAC TIAO)","description":"Taux d'Interet des Appels d'Offres (TIAO), the main policy rate of the Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale, set union-wide for all six CEMAC member states including Cameroon.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-29","source":{"name":"BEAC, Décision N° 01/CPM/2026 du 29 juin 2026 portant fixation des taux directeurs de la BEAC (Comité de Politique Monétaire, 2e session ordinaire, Yaoundé, 29 juin 2026, signée Yvon Sana Bangui) — TIAO 4,50%","url":"https://www.beac.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/D%C3%A9cision-N%C2%B001-CPM.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value added tax (TVA)","description":"Standard rate of the taxe sur la valeur ajoutee applied in Cameroon, inclusive of the communal additional centimes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2005-01-01","source":{"name":"Direction Generale des Impots (MINFI), fiche 'La Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutee (TVA): ce que vous devez savoir', question 6 'Quels sont les taux de TVA?'; Code General des Impots articles 142-143","url":"https://impots.cm/sites/default/files/documents/FICHE%20TVA.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Cameroon, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2012-01-01","source":{"name":"Code Général des Impôts, édition officielle 2024 (DGI Cameroun), art. 132 (nouveau) : \"Seules sont soumises à la Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée (TVA) les personnes physiques et morales imposables selon le régime réel tel que défini à l'article 93 quater ci-dessus\" ('only natural and legal persons taxable under the régime réel as defined in article 93 quater are subject to VAT'), read with art. 93 quater (3)(a) : \"Relèvent du régime réel : les entreprises individuelles et les personnes morales qui réalisent un chiffre d'affaires annuel hors taxes égal ou supérieur à 50 millions de F CFA\" ('fall under the régime réel: sole traders and legal persons whose annual turnover excluding taxes is equal to or greater than CFAF 50 million'). The 50 million régime-réel boundary dates from the three-regime reform of the Loi de finances pour 2012 (Loi n° 2011/020 du 14 décembre 2011); the réel-only VAT rule was formerly codified at art. 125 a and now sits at art. 132 (nouveau).","url":"https://www.impots.cm/sites/default/files/documents/CGI%202024%20version%20francaise.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Guaranteed interprofessional minimum wage (SMIG)","description":"Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti. Cameroon operates a three-tier SMIG matrix; the value served is the general floor (all sectors other than agriculture and State employment), with the agricultural and State floors as named schedules.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-03-21","source":{"name":"Decret n°2023/00338/PM du 21 mars 2023 fixant le Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti (SMIG), article 1er (Services du Premier Ministre, Republique du Cameroun)","url":"https://www.spm.gov.cm/site/sites/default/files/dpm_2023-00338_s.pdf"},"wage_schedules_available":["agricultural","state-employee"],"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Statutory legal holidays (fetes legales) of the Republic of Cameroon for calendar year 2026.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°73/5 du 7 decembre 1973 fixant le regime des fetes legales en Republique Unie du Cameroun, articles 1 to 4 (still in force; abrogated ordonnance n°72/15 du 16 septembre 1972)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250604223955/https://www.minfopra.gov.cm/recueil/REPARATIONS/LOI%20N%C2%B0%2073-5%20DU%207%20DEC%201973.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Year-on-year change in the harmonised index of consumer prices (IHPC) for final household consumption in Cameroon.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"Institut National de la Statistique (INS) du Cameroun, Note d'informations rapides, Publication mensuelle n°05/26, 'Note mensuelle sur l'evolution des prix a la consommation finale des menages au Cameroun - Mois de mai 2026', Tableau 1","url":"https://ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Note-sur-les-prix-au-Cameroun-en-Mai-2026-Rev-DG-ok.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (Impot sur les Societes)","description":"Standard rate of the Cameroonian impot sur les societes, inclusive of the 10% communal additional centimes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2015-01-01","source":{"name":"Direction Generale des Impots (MINFI), Fiche technique 'Principaux impots et taxes du systeme fiscal camerounais' (table headed 'Taux/Tarifs (hors CAC)'), Impot sur les Societes line; Code General des Impots article 17","url":"https://www.impots.cm/sites/default/files/documents/FT%20imp%C3%B4ts%20et%20taxes%20du%20syst%C3%A8me%20fiscal%20Camerounais%202.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Cameroon levies at source on payments to non-residents - the impot sur le revenu des capitaux mobiliers (IRCM, plus 10% centimes additionnels communaux) on dividends and interest, and the Taxe Speciale sur le Revenu (TSR) on royalties and services paid to persons domiciled outside Cameroon - each at its domestic statutory rate before any tax-convention relief. Imposed by the Code general des impots (arts. 70-71, 225 et s.), administered by the Direction generale des impots (DGI).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-21","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"République du Cameroun, Code Général des Impôts - Édition 2024, published by the Direction Générale des Impôts (Ministère des Finances). Art. 70(1): 'Pour le cas spécifique des revenus des capitaux mobiliers, il est appliqué un taux libératoire de 15 % sur le revenu imposable. Ce taux est porté à 30% pour les revenus des capitaux mobiliers versés à une personne physique ou morale domiciliée ou établie dans un territoire ou un Etat considéré comme un paradis fiscal au sens de l'article 8 ter'; Art. 71: 'L'impôt calculé et le minimum de perception prévus aux articles 69 et 70 ci-dessus sont majorés de 10 % au titre des centimes additionnels communaux' (= 16,5% total); Art. 35 lists among revenus de capitaux mobiliers 'les produits des actions, parts de capital et revenus assimilés', 'les revenus des obligations' and 'les revenus des créances, dépôts, cautionnements et comptes courants'; Art. 225(1) institutes the TSR 'sur les revenus servis aux personnes morales ou physiques domiciliées hors du Cameroun ... d'une manière générale, des sommes versées à l'étranger, en rémunération des prestations de toute nature fournies ou utilisées au Cameroun'; Art. 225 ter(1): 'les taux de la Taxe Spéciale sur les revenus sont fixés ainsi qu'il suit : - taux général : 15% ; - taux moyen : 10% ; - taux réduit : 3% ; - supprimé.'","url":"https://www.impots.cm/sites/default/files/documents/CGI%202024%20version%20francaise.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux d'intérêt légal)","description":"Cameroon's legal interest rate under loi n°2004/015: at most the BEAC tender rate (TIAO), applying to the enforcement of court decisions and running from service of the enforceable judgment. Derived live from this API's CM policy-rate series — 4.50% since 29 June 2026.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"derived","effective_from":"2026-06-29","source":{"name":"BEAC, Décision N°01/CPM/2026 du 29 juin 2026 portant fixation des taux directeurs de la BEAC: the Comité de Politique Monétaire 'a décidé d'abaisser : le Taux d'Intérêt des Appels d'Offres de 4,75 % à 4,50 %; le Taux de la facilité de prêt marginal de 6,25 % à 5,75 %', the deposit facility held at 0,00% — read into loi n°2004/015 art. 2(1)","url":"https://www.beac.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/D%C3%A9cision-N%C2%B001-CPM.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (IRPP) - salary schedule","description":"Progressive Impot sur le Revenu des Personnes Physiques bands applied to annual net taxable salary income.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2015-01-01","source":{"name":"Direction Generale des Impots (MINFI), 'Impot sur le revenu des personnes physiques (IRPP): ce que vous devez savoir'; Code General des Impots articles 69 and 81 (bareme des traitements et salaires)","url":"https://impots.cm/fr/document/impot-sur-le-revenu-des-personnes-physiques-irpp-ce-que-vous-devez-savoir"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Cameroon (CM): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch of the CNPS regime, with the ceiling, the floor and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2016-02-15","source":{"name":"Caisse Nationale de Prevoyance Sociale du Cameroun (CNPS), own site content on decret n°2016/072 du 15 fevrier 2016 (ceiling raised from 300 000 to 750 000 FCFA; PVID branch rate raised from 7% to 8,4% with the worker's share rising from 2,8% to 4,2%; contributory salary to be not less than the SMIG and not more than the ceiling in force); decret n°2016/072 du 15 fevrier 2016 fixing the contribution rates and the ceiling of contributory salaries for the branches administered by the CNPS; Centre des liaisons europeennes et internationales de securite sociale (CLEISS), \"Les cotisations au Cameroun\", table stated effective 1 January 2024 (the three family-benefit sector rates of 7% / 5,65% / 3,70%, the 4,2% + 4,2% pension split, the 1,75% / 2,50% / 5% occupational-risk bands, and the absence of a ceiling on occupational risk); Republique du Cameroun business-procedure portal (yaounde.eregulations.org) on the CNPS contribution procedure and the scope of the capped assiette; decret n°2023/00338/PM du 21 mars 2023 fixing the SMIG.","url":"https://www.cleiss.fr/docs/cotisations/cameroun.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/cm/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"DZ","name":"Algeria","currency":"DZD","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Banque d'Algérie policy rate (taux directeur)","description":"Taux directeur de la Banque d'Algérie — the interest rate applied to the main refinancing operations (opérations principales de refinancement, 7-day), the signal rate of the monetary policy stance. Fixed by the Conseil de la Monnaie et du Crédit under the Ordonnance n° 03-11 du 26 août 2003 relative à la monnaie et au crédit (modified and completed) and published by the Bank as a month-end series in 'Principaux taux du marché monétaire'.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-07","source":{"name":"Banque d'Algérie, Instruction n°02-2026 du 7 janvier 2026 modifiant et complétant l'instruction n°07-2020 du 29 avril 2020 relative au taux d'intérêt directeur applicable aux opérations principales de refinancement — « Le taux d'intérêt directeur ... est fixé à 2,50% », prend effet à la date de sa signature (7 janvier 2026), signée P.I./Le Gouverneur Mouatassem Boudiaf","url":"https://www.bank-of-algeria.dz/stoodroa/2026/01/Instruction-02-26-Fr-1.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"TVA standard rate (taux normal)","description":"Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, taux normal — Article 21 of the Code des taxes sur le chiffre d'affaires (CTCA), the standard rate applied to all taxable transactions not listed in the reduced-rate schedule of Article 23.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2017-01-01","source":{"name":"Direction Générale des Impôts — Code des taxes sur le chiffre d'affaires, édition 2026, Section 3 'Taux', Art. 21: « La taxe sur la valeur ajoutée est perçue au taux normal de 19 % » (note de bas de page: Art. 21 modifié en dernier lieu par l'article 26 de la loi de finances pour 2017)","url":"https://www.mfdgi.gov.dz/files/803/2026/3725/CodedesTaxessurle-Chiffred-Affaires2026fr"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover boundary below which a business in Algeria falls outside the VAT system (via the impôt forfaitaire unique), with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-01-01","source":{"name":"Code des impôts directs et taxes assimilées (CIDTA), art. 282 ter, as amended by the loi de finances pour 2022 (loi n° 21-16 du 30 décembre 2021) and the LFC 2022 (ordonnance n° 22-01 du 3 août 2022, art. 7): are subject to the régime de l'impôt forfaitaire unique (IFU) natural persons (and coopératives d'artisanat) exercising an industrial, commercial, non-commercial or artisanal activity \"dont le chiffre d'affaires ou les recettes professionnelles annuels n'excèdent pas huit millions de dinars (8.000.000 DA)\" ('whose annual turnover or professional receipts do not exceed eight million dinars'). The IFU \"regroupe la taxe locale de solidarité (TLS), la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée (TVA) et l'impôt sur le revenu global (IRG)\" (DGI) — i.e. it stands IN PLACE of VAT. Above the ceiling, art. 282 quater CIDTA tips the taxpayer into the régime du bénéfice réel (or régime simplifié), where the Code des taxes sur le chiffre d'affaires (Code des TCA) applies VAT with NO turnover threshold of its own.","url":"https://www.mfdgi.gov.dz/fr/professionnels/services-pro/regime-forfaitaire-unique/ifu"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"SNMG — Salaire National Minimum Garanti","description":"Algeria's single national statutory minimum wage. There are no occupational or regional variants. It is fixed by presidential decree under articles 80, 81 and 87 of Loi n° 90-11 du 21 avril 1990 relative aux relations de travail, expressed as a monthly amount for the legal working week of 40 hours (173.33 hours per month); the pay elements that count towards it are set by Décret exécutif n° 15-59 du 8 février 2015.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Décret présidentiel n° 26-01 du 18 Rajab 1447 correspondant au 7 janvier 2026 fixant le salaire national minimum garanti, Article 1er: « ... est fixé à vingt-quatre mille dinars (24.000 DA) par mois, soit un taux horaire de 138,46 dinars » — Art. 3: « Le présent décret prend effet, à compter du 1er janvier 2026 » (Journal Officiel de la République Algérienne n° 01 du 8 janvier 2026, p. 8-9)","url":"https://www.joradp.dz/FTP/jo-francais/2026/F2026001.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays (fêtes légales)","description":"Jours fériés légaux, chômés et payés, per Loi n° 63-278 du 26 juillet 1963 fixant la liste des fêtes légales (modifiée et complétée), calendar year 2026 — five fixed civil/Gregorian days and five movable Islamic observances, totalling 14 calendar days because Aïd El Fitr and Aïd El Adha are three days each.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Statutory basis: Loi n° 63-278 du 26 juillet 1963 fixant la liste des fêtes légales, as amended by Loi n° 18-12 du 2 juillet 2018 (JO n° 46 du 29 juillet 2018, p. 38 — adds « Amenzu n Yennayer (jour de l'an Amazigh) correspondant au 12 janvier : 1 jour » and restates « Premier janvier (jour de l'An Grégorien) : 1 jour ») and by Loi n° 23-10 du 26 juin 2023 (JO n° 43 du 27 juin 2023, p. 26 — « Aïd El Fitr El Moubarek : trois (3) jours ; Aïd El Adha El Moubarek : trois (3) jours »). 2026 calendar dates: Société de Gestion de la Bourse des Valeurs (Bourse d'Alger), 'Jours Fériés 2026'. Islamic dates for Moharram/Achoura corrected against the Ministère des Affaires Religieuses et des Wakfs, « بلاغ عن بداية العام الهجري 1448هـ » (16 June 2026)","url":"https://www.joradp.dz/FTP/jo-francais/2023/F2023043.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year, national index)","description":"Indice national des prix à la consommation (base 2001 = 100), variation over the same month of the previous year, published monthly by the Office National des Statistiques (ONS) from price observations in a sample of 17 towns and villages representing the country's regions.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-04-01","source":{"name":"Office National des Statistiques — « Indice des prix à la consommation, Mois d'Avril 2026 », bulletin n° 365 (ISSN 1111-4940), partie B « Indice national », tableau « Evolution par groupe en avril 2026 »: ENSEMBLE indice 324,24, variation avril 26/avril 25 = 4,90 %, variation avril 26/mars 26 = -0,32 %, variation 04 mois 26/04 mois 25 = 3,78 %","url":"https://www.ons.dz/IMG/pdf/IPC_Avril2026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"IBS — Impôt sur les Bénéfices des Sociétés (general rate)","description":"Algerian corporate income tax. The rate is SECTOR-DIFFERENTIATED by Article 150-1) of the Code des impôts directs et taxes assimilées (CIDTA): 19 % for goods-production activities, 23 % for building/public works/hydraulics and tourism and thermal activities, and 26 % for all other activities. This series carries the 26 % general/residual rate — the rate that applies to trade, distribution, services and anything not expressly listed.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2015-07-23","source":{"name":"Ordonnance n° 15-01 du 7 Chaoual 1436 correspondant au 23 juillet 2015 portant loi de finances complémentaire pour 2015, Article 2, réécrivant l'article 150 du CIDTA: « — 19 % pour les activités de production de biens ; — 23 % pour les activités de bâtiment, de travaux publics et d'hydraulique ainsi que les activités touristiques et thermales à l'exclusion des agences de voyages ; — 26 % pour les autres activités » (JO n° 40 du 23 juillet 2015, p. 6). Texte en vigueur confirmé dans le Code des impôts directs et taxes assimilées, édition 2026 (DGI), Art. 150","url":"https://www.joradp.dz/FTP/jo-francais/2015/F2015040.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Algeria levies on payments to non-residents under the Code des impôts directs et taxes assimilées (CIDTA) - 15% on dividends, 10% on interest, and the 30% discharge (libératoire) withholding on royalties and on service contracts performed by foreign enterprises without a permanent professional installation in Algeria, which also covers TAP and VAT. Administered by the Direction Générale des Impôts (DGI, mfdgi.gov.dz).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"DGI - Fiscalité des entreprises étrangères (CIDTA art. 150, 156-157): a foreign capital company without permanent professional installation 'est soumise à une retenue à la source au taux de 30%' - 'is subject to a withholding at source at the rate of 30%' - on gross invoiced amounts; dividends and interest per CIDTA distribution and créances provisions","url":"https://www.mfdgi.gov.dz/fr/professionnels/services-pro/regimes-fiscaux-speciaux/fiscalite-des-entreprises-etrangeres"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory default interest (intérêt légal)","description":"Algeria fixes no legal rate of default interest: the rate is nil. Civil Code Art. 454 makes a loan between private persons always unremunerated and voids any contrary clause, and Art. 186 answers late payment of a money debt with judicially assessed damages rather than a percentage.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"1975-09-26","source":{"name":"Code civil (Ordonnance n° 75-58 du 26 septembre 1975) Art. 454: 'Entre particuliers, le prêt est toujours sans rémunérations. Toute clause contraire est nulle et non avenue' (between private persons a loan is always without remuneration; any clause to the contrary is null and void); Art. 186: 'Lorsque l'objet de l'obligation entre personnes privées, consiste en une somme d'argent dont le montant est fixé au moment de la demande en justice, le débiteur est tenu, en cas de retard dans l'exécution, de réparer le dommage occasionné par ce retard' (the debtor in delay must repair the damage occasioned by that delay) — no rate is stated","url":"https://clr.africanchildforum.org/Legislation%20Per%20Country/algeria/algeria_civilcode_1975_fr.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"IRG — Impôt sur le Revenu Global, progressive scale","description":"Barème progressif of the Impôt sur le Revenu Global, Article 104-I of the Code des impôts directs et taxes assimilées — the annual dinar scale applied to a resident individual's net global income and, by monthly proration (mensualisation), to salaries, wages, pensions and life annuities withheld at source.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 21-16 du 25 Joumada El Oula 1443 correspondant au 30 décembre 2021 portant loi de finances pour 2022, Article 31, réécrivant l'article 104 du CIDTA (JO n° 100 du 30 décembre 2021). Barème confirmé inchangé dans le Code des impôts directs et taxes assimilées, édition 2026 (DGI), Art. 104-I","url":"https://www.joradp.dz/FTP/jo-francais/2021/F2021100.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Algeria (DZ): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch of the régime général de sécurité sociale collected by CNAS, with the base and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2015-09-16","source":{"name":"Décret exécutif n° 15-236 du 19 Dhou El Kaada 1436 correspondant au 3 septembre 2015 modifiant le décret exécutif n° 94-187 du 26 Moharram 1415 correspondant au 6 juillet 1994 fixant la répartition du taux de la cotisation de sécurité sociale, Journal officiel de la République algérienne démocratique et populaire n° 49 du 2 Dhou El Hidja 1436 / 16 septembre 2015, pp. 7-8 (full text read, including the substituted article 2 rate table and its totals line); read with Décret législatif n° 94-12 du 26 mai 1994 fixant le taux de cotisation de sécurité sociale, Ordonnance n° 95-01 du 21 janvier 1995 fixant l'assiette des cotisations et des prestations de sécurité sociale, Loi n° 83-11 du 2 juillet 1983 relative aux assurances sociales (art. 75), Loi n° 83-12 du 2 juillet 1983 relative à la retraite (art. 48), Loi n° 83-13 du 2 juillet 1983 relative aux accidents du travail et aux maladies professionnelles, Décret législatif n° 94-10 du 26 mai 1994 (retraite anticipée) and Décret législatif n° 94-11 du 26 mai 1994 (assurance chômage) — all cited in the decree's own visas.","url":"https://www.joradp.dz/FTP/jo-francais/2015/F2015049.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/dz/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"EG","name":"Egypt","currency":"EGP","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Central Bank of Egypt overnight deposit rate","description":"Central Bank of Egypt policy rate (overnight deposit rate — the CBE runs a corridor; the lending rate sits 100bp above). MPC meets ~8 times a year on Thursdays.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-02-12","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Egypt — MPC press release, 12 February 2026","url":"https://www.cbe.org.eg/en/news-publications/news/2026/02/12/15/02/mpc-press-release-12-february-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/policy-rate"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory default interest (فوائد التأخير)","description":"Egypt's statutory delay interest under Civil Code arts. 226-227: 5% for commercial obligations (served headline) and 4% for civil obligations, running from the JUDICIAL CLAIM, with a 7% cap on agreed interest.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"1949-10-15","source":{"name":"القانون المدني المصري الصادر بالقانون رقم 131 لسنة 1948، المادة 226 — Egyptian Civil Code (Law No. 131 of 1948), art. 226: \"كان ملزماً بأن يدفع للدائن على سبيل التعويض عن التأخر فوائد قدرها أربعة في المائة في المسائل المدنية وخمسة في المائة في المسائل التجارية\" (\"he shall be bound to pay the creditor, by way of compensation for the delay, interest at the rate of four percent in civil matters and five percent in commercial matters\"), such interest running \"من تاريخ المطالبة القضائية بها\" (from the date of the judicial claim) unless agreement or commercial custom fixes another date; art. 227(1) requires any agreed rate above seven percent to be reduced to \"سبعة في المائة\" and the excess repaid. Full statute text as promulgated in الوقائع المصرية (Al-Waqa'i' al-Misriyya) issue No. 108 bis (A) of 29 July 1948, published on the Egyptian Tax Authority (مصلحة الضرائب المصرية) government site.","url":"https://www.eta.gov.eg/sites/default/files/2024-10/law-131-1948.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/statutory-interest"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard value-added tax rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2017-07-01","source":{"name":"VAT Law No. 67 of 2016, Article 3 (Egyptian Tax Authority official English translation)","url":"https://www.eta.gov.eg/sites/default/files/2024-02/Law-english-no.67-2016.pdf.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT/GST registration becomes compulsory in Egypt, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2016-09-08","source":{"name":"Egyptian Tax Authority official guideline PDF (eta.gov.eg): \"Registration threshold — The Thresholds would be the same as that of the domestic VAT taxpayers. Remote services sales that exceed the supplier threshold of EGP 500,000 for any period of 12 months. But if the service is a professional and consultancy service, so he should be registered from day one whatever his turnover\"","url":"https://www.eta.gov.eg/sites/default/files/2023-03/digital-service-guide-english.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Private-sector minimum wage","description":"National Wages Council monthly minimum wage for the private sector (the public-sector minimum is set separately in the state budget).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-03-01","source":{"name":"National Wages Council decision of 9 Feb 2025 (Ministry of Planning, Economic Development and International Cooperation)","url":"https://moic.gov.eg/news/1998"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Official national holidays per the Presidency's annual calendar and Prime Ministerial observance decrees, including Egypt's standing Thursday-shift policy for midweek/weekend holidays.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Presidency of the Arab Republic of Egypt — National Holidays 2026","url":"https://www.presidency.eg/en/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-21","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Egypt — CPI Press Release July 2026 (CAPMAS data, released 10 August 2026): \"On an annual basis, urban headline CPI inflation recorded 14.9 percent in July 2026 compared with 14.3 percent in June 2026\"","url":"https://www.cbe.org.eg/en/news-publications/news/2026/08/10/12/24/cpi-press-release-july-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national revenue authority or tax statute.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2015-01-01","source":{"name":"Egyptian Tax Authority — Income Tax Law No. 91 of 2005 (standard CIT rate set by Law No. 96 of 2015)","url":"https://eta.gov.eg/en/content/income-tax-laws"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Egypt levies on payments to non-residents - dividends, interest, royalties and service fees - at the domestic statutory rates of the Income Tax Law No. 91 of 2005 as amended, before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Egyptian Tax Authority (ETA).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-12","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Income Tax Law promulgated by Law No. 91 of 2005 (Ministry of Finance English text, published via WIPO Lex), Book Four “Tax Withheld at Source”, art. 56: “Tax at the rate of 20% is due on amounts, paid by owners of individual firms, legal persons residing in Egypt and non-resident bodies which have permanent establishments in Egypt, to non-residents in Egypt without deducting any costs from them”; the amounts “include the following: 1- Yields and interest. 2- Royalties... 3- Service charges... 4- Sportsmen or artist activity charges”. Article 56 does NOT cover dividends, whose 10% unlisted / 5% EGX-listed split was introduced by later amendment and is not carried by any retrievable official English text; those two rates follow PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries (reviewed 4 February 2026). Treaty relief on interest and royalties is by refund, not at source, per Ministerial Decree No. 771 of 2009","url":"https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/19870"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/withholding-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax rate schedule (income bands and marginal rates) for resident individuals, from the national revenue authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-02-21","source":{"name":"Egyptian Tax Authority — Income Tax Law No. 91 of 2005 as amended (individual salary-tax schedule)","url":"https://eta.gov.eg/en/content/income-tax-laws"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Egypt (EG): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, with the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Social Insurance and Pensions Law No. 148 of 2019, Arts. 1 (definitions 8 and 9), 2, 19, 36, 46, 70, 86 — full Arabic text read verbatim; Comprehensive Health Insurance System Law No. 2 of 2018, Art. 40 (items أولاً, ثانياً and تاسعاً) and Art. 5; National Organization for Social Insurance (NOSI) announcement of 30 Nov 2025 fixing the contribution-wage floor at EGP 2,700 and ceiling at EGP 16,700 from 1 Jan 2026; General Authority for Comprehensive Health Insurance (UHIA) own contribution page (حساب الإشتراكات) and solidarity-contribution page (المساهمة التكافلية) and branch directory (الفروع); Law No. 156 of 2002, Arts. 3(1) and 7 (Workers' Emergency Relief Fund); Labour Law No. 14 of 2025, Article Two of the issuing law and Arts. 12, 20, 21; Income Tax Law No. 91 of 2005, Art. 13 (deductibility)","url":"https://www.nosi.gov.eg/ar/News/Pages/2025-11-30.aspx"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/social-contributions"},{"id":"fx-reference","name":"CBE official exchange rates (buy/sell)","description":"Official exchange rates published by the Central Bank of Egypt: the buying and selling quotes for the stated date, in Egyptian pounds per unit of foreign currency. CBE labels these its official rates; since the March 2024 move to a flexible exchange rate they track the interbank market rather than an administered peg.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-09-14","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Egypt — official exchange rates for 2026-09-14","url":"https://www.cbe.org.eg/en/economic-research/statistics/cbe-exchange-rates"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/eg/fx-reference"}]},{"country":"ET","name":"Ethiopia","currency":"ETB","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"NBE National Bank Rate (policy rate)","description":"National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) policy interest rate — the National Bank Rate (NBR) — the primary signalling tool of the interest-rate-based monetary policy framework launched in July 2024, with a +/- 3 percentage-point interest-rate corridor. Set by the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-13","source":{"name":"National Bank of Ethiopia — Monetary Policy Committee Meeting No. 7 (13 July 2026)","url":"https://nbe.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Governors-Statement-MPC071326_English.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard value-added tax rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-08-21","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Proclamation No. 1341/2024, Article 8(2) — Ministry of Justice (Federal Negarit Gazeta)","url":"https://justice.gov.et/en/law/value-added-tax-proclamation-2/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Ethiopia, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-26","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-08-21","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Proclamation No. 1341/2024 (የተጨማሪ እሴት ታክስ አዋጅ ቁጥር ፲፫፻፵፩/፳፻፲፮), Article 12(2): \"The registration threshold is 2,000,000 Birr or such other amount as specified in the Directive to be issued by the Ministry.\" Article 12(1): a person is liable to be registered at the beginning of any period of 12 calendar months if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the total value of taxable supplies will exceed the registration threshold, or at the end of any such period if it has been exceeded. The Proclamation repealed VAT Proclamation No. 285/2002 (threshold ETB 1,000,000) and entered into force on publication in the Federal Negarit Gazette, 21 August 2024. Implementing instrument: Council of Ministers VAT Regulation No. 570/2025 (17 March 2025).","url":"https://www.mofed.gov.et/media/filer_public/af/45/af45af2f-7959-4e8b-b736-9494dda9f017/vat_proclamation_no_1341-2016_with_annex.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum wage (none in force)","description":"Ethiopia has no enforceable national statutory minimum wage for the private sector. Labour Proclamation No. 1156/2019, Article 55(2), delegates minimum-wage setting to a tripartite Wage Board to be constituted by a Council of Ministers regulation — which has not established a binding national figure.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2019-09-05","source":{"name":"Labour Proclamation No. 1156/2019, Article 55(2) — Ministry of Justice (Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 89, 5 Sep 2019)","url":"https://justice.gov.et/en/law/labour-proclamation/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"National public holidays on which government and non-governmental institutions close for public service, per Proclamation No. 1334/2024 (national holidays in Art. 4; religious holidays in Art. 6). Christian dates follow the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo calendar; Islamic dates are moon-sighting dependent and provisional.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Proclamation No. 1334/2024 to Determine Public Holidays and the Celebration of Public Holidays — Ministry of Justice","url":"https://justice.gov.et/en/law/proclamation-to-determine-public-holidays-and-celebration-of-public-holidays/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":true,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-16","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"Ethiopian Statistics Service — Consumer Price Index Monthly News Release, May 2026 (Issue No. 35/2018 EFY)","url":"https://ess.gov.et/download/consumer-price-index-may-2026/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national revenue authority or tax statute.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2016-07-08","source":{"name":"Ministry of Justice — Federal Income Tax Proclamation No. 979/2016, Schedule 'C' (business income), as amended by Proclamation No. 1395/2025","url":"https://justice.gov.et/en/law/federal-income-tax-proclamation/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Ethiopia levies on Ethiopian-source payments to non-residents - dividends, interest, royalties and management/technical fees - under the Federal Income Tax Proclamation No. 979/2016 as amended by the Income Tax (Amendment) Proclamation No. 1395/2025, at domestic statutory rates before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Ministry of Revenues.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-26","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-07-08","source":{"name":"Federal Income Tax Proclamation No. 979/2016 as amended by Income Tax (Amendment) Proclamation No. 1395/2025 (enacted 17 July 2025, provisions effective from 8 July 2025); rates cross-checked against PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries - Ethiopia (last reviewed 15 July 2026): dividends 15%, interest 10%, royalties 10%, management/technical fees 15%, repatriated branch profits 15%","url":"https://justice.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/አዋጅ-ቁጥር-1395-2017.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Legal interest / interest for default","description":"Ethiopia's legal interest: a fixed 9% per annum under Article 1751 of the Civil Code 1960, applying wherever interest is due and no rate has been fixed, and payable by Article 1803 as interest for default on an overdue money debt.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"1960-09-11","source":{"name":"Civil Code of the Empire of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 165 of 1960 (Negarit Gazeta, Gazette Extraordinary, 19th Year No. 2, 5 May 1960; in force 11 September 1960), Art. 1751 - Legal interest: 'The rate of interest shall be of nine per cent per annum where interest is due and the rate has not been fixed'; Art. 1803(1) - Money debts, Interest for default: 'Where the debtor owes a money debt and he is in default, he shall pay interest for default at the rate fixed by law (Art. 1751) notwithstanding that the contract fixes a lower rate in respect of interest to be paid before the debt is due'; Art. 1803(2): 'Where a higher rate of interest is fixed in the contract, such interest shall be due in lieu of interest under sub-art. (1)'; Art. 1803(3): 'Interest shall be due notwithstanding that no loss is incurred by the creditor'; Art. 1752 - Appropriation of payments: 'any part payment made by him shall be appropriated firstly to the costs, secondly to the interest and eventually to the principal'. Full scanned text of the promulgated Code hosted in WIPO Lex, the World Intellectual Property Organization's database of national legislation (record ET020, Ethiopia).","url":"https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/16003"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax rate schedule (income bands and marginal rates) for resident individuals, from the national revenue authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-07-07","source":{"name":"Ministry of Justice — Federal Income Tax Proclamation No. 979/2016, Schedule 'A' (employment income), as amended by Proclamation No. 1395/2025","url":"https://justice.gov.et/en/law/federal-income-tax-proclamation/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Ethiopia (ET): the Private Organization Employees' Pension scheme, its base and its nationality restriction, plus the non-contributory employment-injury liability that sits outside it.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-03-18","source":{"name":"Private Organization Employees' Pension Proclamation No. 1268/2022, Federal Negarit Gazette No. 16, 18th March 2022 — full English text read, including article 2(6)-(9) (definitions of \"Benefit\", \"Salary\", \"Beneficiary\", \"Survivors\"), article 3 (Scope of Application, sub-articles 1-4), articles 4-7 (registration), article 10 (contribution rates, quoted verbatim), article 11 (collection), article 12 (payment, deduction, deadlines, interest and penalties), article 18(1) (retirement age), article 62 (repeals) and article 63 (effective date); read with the Labour Proclamation No. 1156/2019 for the employment-injury position.","url":"https://ethiodata.et/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Ethiopia-Private-Organization-Employees-Pension-Proclamation-No.-1268_2022.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/et/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"GA","name":"Gabon","currency":"XAF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"BEAC policy rate (TIAO)","description":"Taux d'Interet des Appels d'Offres (TIAO), the primary policy rate of the Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale, applied uniformly across all six CEMAC member states including Gabon.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-29","source":{"name":"BEAC, Décision N° 01/CPM/2026 du 29 juin 2026 portant fixation des taux directeurs de la BEAC (Comité de Politique Monétaire, 2e session ordinaire, Yaoundé, 29 juin 2026, signée Yvon Sana Bangui) — TIAO 4,50%","url":"https://www.beac.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/D%C3%A9cision-N%C2%B001-CPM.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value-added tax (TVA)","description":"Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutee - standard rate applicable to taxable supplies of goods and services in Gabon.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Code General des Impots gabonais, art. 221 (taux de la TVA), as amended by Loi n° 041/2025 du 29 decembre 2025 determinant les ressources et les charges de l'Etat pour l'annee 2026 (Journal Officiel n° 96 Quater du 30 decembre 2025); rates published by the Direction Generale des Impots","url":"https://dgi.ga/imposition-des-personnes-morales/taxes-sur-le-chiffre-daffaires/tva/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Gabon, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2020-07-17","source":{"name":"Code général des impôts du Gabon (édition 2022, texte consolidé), art. 208 (marqueurs L.F.2019, L.F.R.2020) : \"Les personnes visées à l'article 207 ci-dessus, soumises à l'impôt sur les sociétés ou à l'IRPP, qu'elles soient ou non immatriculées, sont redevables de la TVA si le chiffre d'affaires hors taxes s'établit à 60.000.000 FCFA\" ('the persons referred to in article 207, subject to corporate tax or personal income tax, whether registered or not, are liable to VAT if turnover excluding taxes stands at CFAF 60,000,000'); same article: \"Le seuil du chiffre d'affaires annuel visé à l'alinéa 1 ci-dessus est porté à 500.000.000 FCFA pour les personnes qui exercent des activités d'exploitation forestière\" ('the annual turnover threshold is raised to CFAF 500,000,000 for persons carrying on forestry-exploitation activities'). Current wording carries the Loi de finances rectificative 2020 (Loi n° 019/2020 du 17 juillet 2020) marker; the 60m figure is restated on the official DGI portal (dgi.ga). Aligned with the régime réel boundary: art. 138 CGI, 'chiffre d'affaires hors taxes supérieur ou égal à 60.000.000 FCFA'.","url":"https://www.cnlcei.ga/object.getObject.do?id=464"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Guaranteed interprofessional minimum wage (SMIG)","description":"Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti - the statutory national minimum base wage, set by presidential decree under the Labour Code.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2006-10-01","source":{"name":"Decret n° 855/PR/MTE du 9 novembre 2006 fixant le salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti en Republique gabonaise, art. 2 and art. 6 (taken under art. 149 of Loi n° 3/94 du 21 novembre 1994 portant Code du travail); published in Hebdo Informations n° 528 du 18 novembre 2006, p. 213","url":"https://www.mays-mouissi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Decret-SMIG-2006.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Statutory public holidays (jours feries) in Gabon for calendar year 2026.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Decret n° 00727/PR/MTEFP du 29 juin 1998 reglementant le regime des jours feries en Republique gabonaise, modifie par Decret n° 000484/PR/MTE du 26 mai 2004; Decret n° 0096 du 15 fevrier 2024 instituant la Journee nationale de la Liberation du 30 aout (conseil des ministres du 23 janvier 2024)","url":"https://www.legigabon.com/single-post/2019/06/01/tout-savoir-sur-les-jours-f%C3%A9ries-ch%C3%B4m%C3%A9s-pay%C3%A9s"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (IHPC, year-on-year)","description":"Year-on-year change in the Indice Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation (IHPC), base 2018, national index, published by the Direction Generale de la Statistique.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Official DGS IHPC January 2024 bulletin — en glissement annuel (janvier 2024 comparativement à janvier 2023), les prix ont progressé de 2,3%","url":"https://new.instatgabon.org/uploads/IHPC_Publication_janvier_2024.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (Impot sur les Societes)","description":"Standard statutory rate of Gabonese corporate income tax on company profits.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2013-01-08","source":{"name":"Code Général des Impôts gabonais, art. 16 (taux de l'impôt sur les sociétés) as printed in the DGI's consolidated CGI 2025 ('Le taux est fixé à 30%. Ce taux est porté à 35% pour les entreprises du secteur pétrolier et minier', tagged L.F.2022); rate originated by Loi n°011/2012 du 8 janvier 2013 (loi de finances 2013), art. 11, rewriting the article","url":"https://dgi.ga/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Gabon-CGI-2025.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Gabon levies on payments to non-residents - dividends and interest under the IRCM (impot sur le revenu des capitaux mobiliers, CGI arts. 97-119), and royalties, independent-profession income and service fees under the non-resident retenue a la source of CGI art. 206 - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax convention relief. Administered by the Direction Generale des Impots (DGI).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2021-01-01","source":{"name":"Code general des impots du Gabon, edition 2022 (compilation droit-afrique.com hosted by the DGI): art. 109 'un prelevement liberatoire dont le taux est fixe a 20 %'; art. 116 'ses revenus sont soumis a un prelevement au taux de 20 %'; art. 110 (L.F.2021) reduced rates 15% / 10%; art. 206 'Le taux de la retenue a la source est fixe a 20 % du montant brut des sommes versees hors taxe sur le chiffre d'affaires'; cross-checked against the DGI IRCM page","url":"https://dgi.ga/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CODE-GENERAL-DES-IMPOTS-2022.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux d'intérêt légal)","description":"Gabon publishes no legal interest rate. OHADA commercial law entitles an unpaid creditor to interest 'au taux d'intérêt légal' but leaves the figure to national law, and no Gabonese statute, décret or arrêté fixes one.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"OHADA, Acte uniforme relatif au droit commercial général (Journal officiel de l'OHADA n°1 du 1er octobre 1997), art. 263: 'Si une partie ne paie pas le prix ou toute autre somme due, l'autre partie a droit à des intérêts sur cette somme, calculés au taux d'intérêt légal, applicable en matière commerciale, et ce, sans préjudice des dommages et intérêts qu'elle peut être fondée à demander... Les intérêts courent de l'envoi de la mise en demeure adressée à l'autre partie par lettre recommandée avec accusé de réception, ou par tout autre moyen écrit' (renumbered by the revised Act adopted at Lomé on 15 December 2010, commonly cited as art. 291) — the rate itself is left to national law, and Gabon has fixed none","url":"https://biblio.ohada.org/doc_num.php?explnum_id=481"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (IRPP)","description":"Impot sur le Revenu des Personnes Physiques - progressive annual scale applied to net taxable income per family share (quotient familial).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2009-01-22","source":{"name":"Code General des Impots gabonais, art. 174 (bareme de l'IRPP), as in force under Loi n° 041/2025 du 29 decembre 2025 determinant les ressources et les charges de l'Etat pour l'annee 2026; scale published by the Direction Generale des Impots","url":"https://dgi.ga/particuliers/assiette-et-liquidation-de-lirpp/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Gabon (GA) on the rates reformed with effect from 1 January 2026: employee and employer shares of each CNSS branch plus the separate CNAMGS health contribution, with the two different ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Decret n° 0487/PR/MASI du 18 decembre 2025 fixant les taux, l'assiette et le plafond des salaires soumis a cotisations dues a la Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale, promulgated 29 December 2025, adopted with a companion decret at the Conseil des ministres of 4 December 2025, taken in application of loi n° 037/2023 du 23 juillet 2023 and revising loi n° 6/75 du 25 novembre 1975 portant Code de securite sociale - as reported in detail by Gabonese national media (Gabon Media Time, L'Union, Gabon24) and by the CNSS's own public announcement of the new rates; Centre des liaisons europeennes et internationales de securite sociale (CLEISS), \"Les cotisations au Gabon\", table headed \"Taux de cotisation au 1er janvier 2026\" (per-branch employer and worker rates, both ceilings, and the non-salaried scheme); ordonnance n° 0022/PR/2007 du 21 aout 2007 instituting compulsory health insurance and social guarantee; CNAMGS private-sector rates per the decret of 22 December 2016 effective 1 January 2017; Conference interafricaine de la prevoyance sociale (CIPRES), institutional page for the CNAMGS du Gabon (rates by category including retirees, and the SMIG exemption).","url":"https://www.cleiss.fr/docs/cotisations/gabon.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ga/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"GH","name":"Ghana","currency":"GHS","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Bank of Ghana monetary policy rate","description":"Bank of Ghana Monetary Policy Rate (MPR), set by the bimonthly Monetary Policy Committee; effective on announcement day.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-18","source":{"name":"Bank of Ghana — MPC Press Release, 131st MPC meetings (20-22 July 2026, announced 22 July): 'the Committee, by unanimous decision, maintained the Monetary Policy Rate at 14.0 percent'","url":"https://www.bog.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/MPC-Press-Release-July-2026-1.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/policy-rate"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (C.I. 52)","description":"Ghana's court-awarded and post-judgment interest tracks the Bank of Ghana 91-day Treasury-bill rate week by week under C.I. 52 (2005), so the rate is a weekly-moving reference, not a storable fixed value.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Court (Award of Interest and Post Judgement Interest) Rules, 2005 (C.I. 52), made 22 December 2005 by the Rules of Court Committee in exercise of the powers conferred by article 157(2) of the 1992 Constitution and section 80(2)(e) of the Courts Act, 1993 (Act 459); gazette notification 13 January 2006, entry into force 24 January 2006. r 1: where the court orders payment of interest on a sum of money due to a party, 'that interest shall be calculated (a) At the bank rate prevailing at the time the order is made, and (b) At simple interest', but where an enactment, instrument or agreement specifies a rate 'the court shall award that rate of interest calculated in that manner'; r 2(1): 'each judgement debt shall bear interest at the statutory interest rate from the date of delivery of the judgement up to the date of final payment'; r 4(1): 'statutory rate of interest is the bank rate prevailing at the time the judgement or order is made by the court'; r 4(2): 'Where there is doubt as to the prevailing bank rate, the 91 days Treasury Bill rate as determined by the Bank of Ghana shall be the prevailing bank rate'; r 5 revokes the Courts (Award of Interest) Instrument, 1984 (L.I. 1295). Parliament of Ghana Library Repository, item handle 123456789/2261","url":"https://repository.parliament.gh/bitstreams/3d109b01-2687-48f5-a8b2-4bcbbace8114/download"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/statutory-interest"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard value-added tax rate.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Ghana Revenue Authority — VAT (Value Added Tax Act, 2025, Act 1151)","url":"https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/vat/"},"vat_bands_available":["zero"],"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT/GST registration becomes compulsory in Ghana, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Act, 2025 (Act 1151), official scanned gazette text on GRA's website (registration provisions read from the scan): s.6(1)(b)(i) — register where 'at the end of any period of twelve months or less, the person has made, during that period, taxable supplies exceeding seven hundred and fifty thousand Ghana Cedis'; s.6(1)(a) — services suppliers 'register within thirty days after engaging in the taxable activity'","url":"https://gra.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/VALUE-ADDED-TAX-ACT-2025-ACT-1151.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National daily minimum wage","description":"National Daily Minimum Wage (NDMW), set annually by the National Tripartite Committee under the Labour Act, 2003 (Act 651).","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Fair Wages and Salaries Commission (Government of Ghana)","url":"https://fairwages.gov.gh/2260-2/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Statutory public holidays per the Public Holidays and Commemorative Days Act, 2001 (Act 601) as amended, including Executive Instrument declarations (Eid dates, Friday moves, in-lieu days).","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Ministry of the Interior, Republic of Ghana — Statutory Public Holidays 2026","url":"https://www.mint.gov.gh/statutory-public-holidays/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-28","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Ghana Statistical Service — July 2026 CPI and inflation release (inflation-rate highlight: 'Inflation rate stands at 4.6 in July 2026'; full 'July 2026 CPI-Bulletin' on the GSS data portal)","url":"https://statsghana.gov.gh/highlights/inflation-rate"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national revenue authority or tax statute.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2016-01-01","source":{"name":"Ghana Revenue Authority — Corporate Income Tax (Income Tax Act, 2015, Act 896)","url":"https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Ghana levies on payments to non-resident persons - dividends, interest, royalties and natural resource payments, management and technical service fees, and payments for goods, works or services - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Imposed by the Income Tax Act, 2015 (Act 896) sections 115-116 and the First Schedule, administered by the Ghana Revenue Authority.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2015-09-01","source":{"name":"Ghana Revenue Authority - Withholding Tax: non-resident rates table - 'Dividend 8%', 'Interest income 8% (excluding individuals)', 'Royalties, natural resources payments and rents 15%', 'Management and technical service fees 20%', 'Goods, works or any services 20%'; rates fixed by the First Schedule to the Income Tax Act, 2015 (Act 896), as amended","url":"https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/withholding-tax/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/withholding-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax rate schedule (annual taxable income bands and marginal rates) for resident individuals, from the national revenue authority.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Ghana Revenue Authority — graduated income tax schedule (Income Tax Act, 2015, Act 896, First Schedule, as amended by Act 1129)","url":"https://gra.gov.gh/acts/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Ghana (GH): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, with the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"National Pensions Act, 2008 (Act 766), ss. 1, 3(1)–(10), 30(3), 31, 58, 59, 60, 63(1)–(11), 64(1)–(2), 65, 66, 96(1)–(4), 112(2), 115 and the interpretation of \"salary\" in s. 211; as amended by the National Pensions (Amendment) Act, 2014 (Act 883), ss. 1–14 (which amends ss. 55, 60, 64, 77, 81, 83, 91, 94, 100, 108, 109, 120, 147 and inserts s. 73A, but does NOT amend s. 3 or s. 63). Occupational and Personal Pension Schemes (General) Regulations, 2011 (L.I. 1990), regs. 98, 99, 101, 102, 109 and the definitions of \"pensionable salary\" and \"participation agreement\" in reg. 156. NPRA, Guidelines for the Payment of Monthly Contributions to Registered Pension Schemes, NPRA/GD/PAY/01/13, issued 26 June 2013. Ceiling and floor fixed under s. 63(3) by SSNIT Public Notice of 13 January 2026, \"Maximum and Minimum Insurable Earnings for 2026\". SSNIT \"Become an Employer\", \"Become a Member\" and FAQ pages. Income-tax deductibility per Ghana Revenue Authority PAYE page. Employment injury: Workmen's Compensation Act, 1987 (P.N.D.C.L. 187), ss. 1, 2, 25, 26, 32.","url":"https://www.ssnit.org.gh/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Public-Notice-Min-Max-Insurable.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gh/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"GQ","name":"Equatorial Guinea","currency":"XAF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy interest rate (BEAC TIAO)","description":"Taux d'Interet des Appels d'Offres (TIAO), the main refinancing/tender rate of the Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale, set union-wide for all six CEMAC member states including Equatorial Guinea.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-29","source":{"name":"BEAC, Décision N° 01/CPM/2026 du 29 juin 2026 portant fixation des taux directeurs de la BEAC (Comité de Politique Monétaire, 2e session ordinaire, Yaoundé, 29 juin 2026, signée Yvon Sana Bangui) — TIAO 4,50%","url":"https://www.beac.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/D%C3%A9cision-N%C2%B001-CPM.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value added tax (Impuesto sobre el Valor Anadido, IVA) - standard rate","description":"Standard IVA rate applied to supplies of goods and services in Equatorial Guinea under the general (regimen real) VAT regime.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2005-01-01","source":{"name":"Oficina de Informacion y Prensa de Guinea Ecuatorial (guineaecuatorialpress.com, 13 January 2025), official government presentation of Ley num. 1/2024 Ley General Tributaria: 'Impuestos sobre el Valor anadido, IVA, su tipo general se mantiene al 15% y su tipo reducido pasa del 6% al 5%'","url":"https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticias/presentacion_oficial_de_la_nueva_ley_general_tributaria_de_guinea_ecuatorial"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Equatorial Guinea, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2005-01-01","source":{"name":"Ley núm. 4/2004, de 28 de octubre, Reguladora del Sistema Tributario de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial (BOE edition published by the Ministerio de Hacienda y Presupuestos), Artículo 281: 'Están sujetas al Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido y el Derecho Especial todas las personas físicas o jurídicas que realizan habitual u ocasionalmente y de manera independiente las actividades económicas de producción, comercio o prestación de servicios, así como todas las operaciones conexas a las actividades antes mencionadas, incluidas las actividades extractivas, agropecuarias y las de las profesiones liberales o asimiladas.' (All natural or legal persons who habitually or occasionally and independently carry out the economic activities of production, trade or supply of services, as well as all operations connected with those activities, including extractive, agricultural/livestock and liberal-professional or similar activities, are subject to VAT and the Special Duty.) No minimum turnover appears anywhere in the VAT chapter (arts. 270-306): liability runs from the first taxable transaction. The successor Ley General Tributaria ratified 19 November 2024 (in force 2025; reduced rate cut 6%->5%, first-time VAT credit refunds) retains universal liability — EY Worldwide VAT Guide 2026 and PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries 2026 both state the registration threshold is 'None'.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2023id_/https://minhacienda-gob.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/LEY-TRIBUTARIA-1.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Salario minimo interprofesional (SMI)","description":"National statutory monthly minimum wage floor applicable to all sectors, fixed by presidential decree on the proposal of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2016-01-01","source":{"name":"Decreto numero 30/2016, de fecha 29 de enero, por el que se prorroga la vigencia del Decreto numero 121/2011, de fecha 5 de diciembre, por el que se fija el salario minimo interprofesional (Presidencia de la Republica; published by the Oficina de Informacion y Prensa de Guinea Ecuatorial)","url":"https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticias/decreto_que_fija_el_salario_minimo_interprofesional"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Statutory national public holidays (dias feriados) in Equatorial Guinea for calendar year 2026, with the Article 4 substitution rule applied.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-30","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Decreto numero 9/2007, de fecha 5 de febrero, por el que se fijan los dias feriados en la Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial (art. 2 lists the holidays; art. 4 provides substitution) - applied and announced annually by the Ministerio de Trabajo, Fomento de Empleo y Seguridad Social","url":"https://realequatorialguinea.com/destacado/politica/los-dias-26-de-diciembre-y-el-2-de-enero-2023-declarados-festivos-en-guinea-ecuatorial/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Year-on-year change in the Indice de Precios de Consumo (IPC) published monthly by the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Guinea Ecuatorial (INEGE).","free":false,"stale":true,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"INEGE (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Guinea Ecuatorial), 'Tasa de inflacion junio 2026', published 16 July 2026","url":"https://inege.org/?p=17116"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (Impuesto sobre Sociedades)","description":"Headline statutory rate of corporate income tax on the net taxable profits of resident companies and permanent establishments.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Ley General Tributaria (Ley núm. 1/2024, de 19 de noviembre) — official government presentation stating Impuesto sobre Sociedades cut from 35% to 25% on net profits","url":"https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticias/presentacion_oficial_de_la_nueva_ley_general_tributaria_de_guinea_ecuatorial"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Equatorial Guinea levies on payments to non-residents - dividends and interest (Impuesto sobre la Renta de Capital Mobiliario), royalties, general services and petroleum/mining contractor income - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement or CEMAC relief. Administered by the Ministerio de Hacienda under Ley General Tributaria n.º 1/2024, which replaced Ley 4/2004.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Oficina de Informacion y Prensa de Guinea Ecuatorial (guineaecuatorialpress.com, 13 January 2025), official presentation of Ley num. 1/2024: 'Impuestos sobre la Renta de Capital Mobiliario. Su tipo de gravamen pasa del 25% al 10% para las personas fisicas y juridicas residentes en Guinea Ecuatorial, y del 25% al 15% para las personas fisicas y juridicas no residentes.'","url":"https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticias/presentacion_oficial_de_la_nueva_ley_general_tributaria_de_guinea_ecuatorial"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (interés legal / taux d'intérêt légal)","description":"Equatorial Guinea publishes no legal interest rate. OHADA commercial law entitles an unpaid creditor to interest 'au taux d'intérêt légal' but leaves the figure to national law, and no Equatoguinean instrument fixes one.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"OHADA, Acte uniforme relatif au droit commercial général (Journal officiel de l'OHADA n°1 du 1er octobre 1997, signed for the République de Guinée Equatoriale at Cotonou on 17 April 1997), art. 263: 'Si une partie ne paie pas le prix ou toute autre somme due, l'autre partie a droit à des intérêts sur cette somme, calculés au taux d'intérêt légal, applicable en matière commerciale, et ce, sans préjudice des dommages et intérêts qu'elle peut être fondée à demander... Les intérêts courent de l'envoi de la mise en demeure adressée à l'autre partie par lettre recommandée avec accusé de réception, ou par tout autre moyen écrit' (renumbered by the revised Act adopted at Lomé on 15 December 2010, commonly cited as art. 291) — the rate itself is left to national law, and Equatorial Guinea has fixed none","url":"https://biblio.ohada.org/doc_num.php?explnum_id=481"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (Impuesto sobre Sueldos y Salarios / IRPF)","description":"Progressive annual scale applied to the taxable income of individuals, principally employment income (sueldos, salarios y demas retribuciones).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Ley núm. 1/2024, de 19 de noviembre, Ley General Tributaria de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial (ratified 19 November 2024, in force 6 December 2024). NO OFFICIAL TEXT OF THE LAW IS PUBLISHED ANYWHERE ONLINE. The two end points of the served scale are confirmed by the Government's own press office (Oficina de Información y Prensa de Guinea Ecuatorial, guineaecuatorialpress.com, 6 December 2024): 'Del mínimo exento, que estaba en un millón, se pone en 1.400.000' and 'el impuesto sobre la renta para las personas físicas pasa del 35 al 25%'. The three INTERMEDIATE thresholds (5.000.000, 10.000.000, 15.000.000 XAF) and the 10%/15%/20% intermediate rates appear in no official publication and are taken from PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, Equatorial Guinea, Individual - Taxes on personal income (last reviewed 21 November 2025), which is why this URL is retained and the series is labelled secondary.","url":"https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/equatorial-guinea/individual/taxes-on-personal-income"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Equatorial Guinea (GQ): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, with the base and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"1990-01-01","source":{"name":"PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, Equatorial Guinea — Individual: Other taxes (INSESO employer 21.5 % / employee 4.5 %; Work Protection Fund employer 1 % / employee 0.5 %); ILO NATLEX records for Equatorial Guinea: Decreto núm. 104 de 10 de marzo de 1984 promulgating the Ley de Seguridad Social de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial, Decreto núm. 100/1990 approving the Reglamento del Régimen General de la Seguridad Social, and Decreto núm. 23 approving the Estatuto Orgánico del Instituto de Seguridad Social (INSESO); Equatoguinean labour-practice commentary on payroll composition and the treatment of pagas extraordinarias.","url":"https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/equatorial-guinea/individual/other-taxes"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/gq/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"KE","name":"Kenya","currency":"KES","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBK central bank rate","description":"Central Bank of Kenya benchmark Central Bank Rate (CBR).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-02-10","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Kenya — MPC, 10 February 2026; CBR 8.75% reaffirmed by the MPC decision of 11 August 2026 (CBK Central Bank Rate table entry dated 11/08/2026)","url":"https://www.centralbank.go.ke/2026/02/10/mpc-lowers-the-cbr-to-8-75-percent/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/policy-rate"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory late-payment interest","description":"Kenya fixes no general statutory or late-payment interest rate: interest on money claims is court discretion under Civil Procedure Act s 26, with a 6% deemed rate only where a decree is silent on post-decree interest.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Civil Procedure Act, Cap 21, s 26: s 26(1) — interest 'at such rate as the court deems reasonable'; s 26(2) — 'Where such a decree is silent... the court shall be deemed to have ordered interest at 6 per cent per annum'","url":"https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/1924/3"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/statutory-interest"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard value-added tax rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2021-01-01","source":{"name":"Kenya Revenue Authority — Value Added Tax (VAT)","url":"https://www.kra.go.ke/individual/filing-paying/types-of-taxes/value-added-tax"},"vat_bands_available":["zero"],"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (lowest general-order rate)","description":"Kenya has no single national minimum wage. The Cabinet Secretary for Labour sets a MATRIX of statutory minimums by GEOGRAPHIC ZONE and OCCUPATION under s.46 of the Labour Institutions Act (Cap. 234), via the Regulation of Wages (General) Order; agriculture is set separately by the Regulation of Wages (Agricultural Industry) Order. This series carries the lowest monthly rate in the General Order.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"Regulation of Wages (General) (Amendment) Order, 2026 — Legal Notice No. 108 of 2026, Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 160 (Legislative Supplement No. 89), 26 June 2026: 'shall be deemed to have come into operation on the 1st May, 2026'; Schedule head 1 'BASIC MINIMUM MONTHLY WAGES (EXCLUSIVE OF HOUSING ALLOWANCE)', row 1 'General labourer including cleaner, sweeper, gardener, children's ayah, house servant, day watchman, messenger', Column 4 'All other areas', monthly contract per month KSh 9,628.07; signed ALFRED N. MUTUA, Cabinet Secretary for Labour and Social Protection (Kenya Law)","url":"https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/ln/2026/108/eng@2026-06-26"},"wage_schedules_available":["general-labourer-zone1","general-labourer-zone2","general-labourer-zone3","miner-stonecutter-zone1","miner-stonecutter-zone2","miner-stonecutter-zone3","night-watchman-zone1","night-watchman-zone2","night-watchman-zone3","machine-attendant-zone1","machine-attendant-zone2","machine-attendant-zone3","machinist-made-to-measure-zone1","machinist-made-to-measure-zone2","machinist-made-to-measure-zone3","printing-machine-operator-zone1","printing-machine-operator-zone2","printing-machine-operator-zone3","pattern-designer-zone1","pattern-designer-zone2","pattern-designer-zone3","tailor-medium-vehicle-driver-zone1","tailor-medium-vehicle-driver-zone2","tailor-medium-vehicle-driver-zone3","dyer-crawler-tractor-driver-zone1","dyer-crawler-tractor-driver-zone2","dyer-crawler-tractor-driver-zone3","saw-doctor-caretaker-zone1","saw-doctor-caretaker-zone2","saw-doctor-caretaker-zone3","cashier-driver-zone1","cashier-driver-zone2","cashier-driver-zone3","ungraded-artisan-zone1","ungraded-artisan-zone2","ungraded-artisan-zone3","artisan-grade-iii-zone1","artisan-grade-iii-zone2","artisan-grade-iii-zone3","artisan-grade-ii-zone1","artisan-grade-ii-zone2","artisan-grade-ii-zone3","artisan-grade-i-zone1","artisan-grade-i-zone2","artisan-grade-i-zone3","agri-unskilled-employee","agri-stockman-herdsman-watchman","agri-house-servant-to-cook","agri-farm-foreman","agri-farm-clerk","agri-senior-foreman","agri-farm-artisan","agri-tractor-driver","agri-combine-harvester-driver","agri-lorry-or-van-driver"],"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"National public holidays per the Public Holidays Act (Cap. 110): fixed Schedule dates plus movable holidays gazetted under section 3(1).","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-25","source":{"name":"Kenya Law — Public Holidays Act (Cap. 110) and Kenya Gazette special issues of 18 Mar and 25 May 2026","url":"https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/1912/21/eng@2024-04-26"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-01","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-08-01","source":{"name":"KNBS — Consumer Price Indices and Inflation Rates, August 2026, released 31 August 2026: headline year-on-year inflation 6.6%","url":"https://www.knbs.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Kenya-Consumer-Price-Indices-and-Inflation-Rates-August-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national revenue authority or tax statute.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2021-01-01","source":{"name":"Kenya Revenue Authority — Corporation Tax (Income Tax Act, Cap 470)","url":"https://www.kra.go.ke/helping-tax-payers/faqs/more-about-corporation-tax"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Kenya levies on payments to non-resident persons without a permanent establishment - dividends, interest, royalties and management/professional/training fees - each at its domestic statutory rate under the Income Tax Act (Cap 470) Third Schedule, before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA); withholding tax on payments to non-residents is a final tax.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"KRA - Withholding Tax (rates table for non-resident persons): dividends 15%; interest (bank) 15%; interest on other bearer instruments 25%; royalties/natural resource income 20%; management fees 20%; professional fees 20%; training fees 20%; consultancy and agency 20%; contractual 20%. 'The payer of any of the above incomes is responsible for deducting tax at source from payments made and remitting the deducted tax to KRA.'","url":"https://www.kra.go.ke/individual/filing-paying/types-of-taxes/individual-withholding-tax"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/withholding-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax rate schedule (annual taxable income bands and marginal rates) for resident individuals, from the national revenue authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-07-01","source":{"name":"Kenya Revenue Authority — Pay As You Earn (PAYE) individual tax bands (Income Tax Act, Cap 470)","url":"https://www.kra.go.ke/individual/filing-paying/types-of-taxes/paye"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/income-tax"},{"id":"fx-reference","name":"CBK indicative exchange rates (trade-weighted average)","description":"Central Bank of Kenya indicative exchange rates: the weighted average rate of registered spot trades in the interbank foreign exchange market during the trading session. CBK states plainly that it 'does not set the exchange rate; it is market determined based on supply and demand of foreign exchange' — these are indicative published rates, not a fixing and not a tradable quote.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-09-14","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Kenya — indicative exchange rates for 2026-09-14","url":"https://www.centralbank.go.ke/forex/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/fx-reference"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory payroll contributions (employee)","description":"Kenya's mandatory employee-side payroll deductions: NSSF, the Social Health Insurance Fund and the Affordable Housing Levy.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-30","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2026-02-01","source":{"name":"NSSF Act No. 45 of 2013; Social Health Insurance Act 2023; Affordable Housing Act 2024; deductibility per the Tax Laws (Amendment) Act 2024","url":"https://www.kra.go.ke/news-center/public-notices/2157-amendments-to-paye-computation-pursuant-to-the-tax-laws-amendment-act,-2024"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/social-contributions"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The value of taxable supplies over any 12-month period at which registration for VAT becomes compulsory under section 34 of the Value Added Tax Act No. 35 of 2013. Administered by the Kenya Revenue Authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-31","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2013-09-02","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Act No. 35 of 2013, section 34, official text at Kenya Law: a person is liable to register where they have 'made taxable supplies or expects to make taxable supplies, the value of which is five million shillings or more in any period of twelve months'","url":"https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/2013/35/eng@2024-12-27"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ke/vat-registration-threshold"}]},{"country":"LS","name":"Lesotho","currency":"LSL","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBL Rate (Central Bank of Lesotho policy rate)","description":"The CBL Rate — Lesotho's own policy rate, decided in Maseru by the Monetary Policy Committee of the Central Bank of Lesotho at meetings held roughly every two months (six to seven a year, numbered sequentially). The MPC sets it to keep price stability, safeguard external reserves and, above all, defend the one-to-one peg of the loti to the South African rand, so the rate tracks the South African Reserve Bank repo rate closely but is not identical to it and is not set by the SARB.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-29","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Lesotho - Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, 24 July 2026 (120th MPC meeting): 'After considering these developments, the Committee decided to: Maintain the CBL Rate at 6.75 per cent per annum.' Signed E. M. Letete (PhD), Governor.","url":"https://centralbank.org.ls/wp-content/uploads/120th_Monetary_Policy_Committee_Statement-24_July_2026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"The standard rate of value added tax on goods and services in Lesotho. VAT is imposed by section 5 of the Value Added Tax Act 2001 (Act No. 9 of 2001) on every taxable supply and every taxable import, and is administered by the Commissioner of Value Added Tax in Revenue Services Lesotho (RSL). Unusually, the RATES are not in the Act: section 19(3) says 'The rates of value added tax shall be prescribed by regulation but shall not exceed four rates, including a zero rate', so the standard rate lives in regulation 6(1) of the Value Added Tax Regulations 2003 (Legal Notice No. 95 of 2003) as amended by legal notice from time to time.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-04-01","source":{"name":"Legal Notice No. 27 of 2018, Value Added Tax (Amendment) Regulations 2018 (Lesotho Government Gazette Extraordinary Vol. 63, Friday 23rd March 2018, No. 24, p. 287), made by the Minister of Finance under section 88(1)(e) of the Value Added Tax Act 2001: 'shall come into operation on the 1st April, 2018' and 'Regulation 6 of the Value Added Tax Regulations, 2003, is amended by ... (b) deleting \"14%\" in paragraph (c) and substituting \"15%\"'","url":"https://www.rsl.org.ls/sites/default/files/2024-08/Value%20Added%20Tax%20%28Amendment%29%20Regulations%20No.27%20of%202018.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Lesotho, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2025-04-25","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Act 2001 (Act 9 of 2001), s.17: \"(1) A person who is not already registered is required to apply to be registered as a vendor - (a) within fourteen days of the end of any period of twelve months if during that period the person made taxable supplies the taxable value of which exceeded the registration threshold set out in subsection (2); or (b) at the beginning of any period of twelve months where there are reasonable grounds to expect that the total taxable value of taxable supplies to be made by the person during that period will exceed the registration threshold... (2) The registration threshold is the amount prescribed for the time being by the Minister by notice in the Gazette and the Minister may prescribe different registration thresholds in respect of the supply of goods and the supply of services.\" Current amount M2,000,000 set by the Value Added Tax (Registration Threshold of Vendors) (Amendment) Regulations, 2025 (repealing the Value Added Tax (Threshold for Registration of Vendors) (Amendment) Regulations, 2013, which had set M850,000); RSL: \"If your turnover exceeds the minimum threshold (currently M2,000 000.00 per annum), you must register for Value Added Tax (VAT)\".","url":"https://www.rsl.org.ls/value-added-tax-vat"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Sectoral minimum wages (basic minimum wages by sector and category)","description":"Lesotho has NO single national minimum wage. Minimum wages are fixed sector by sector, and within each sector by job category and by whether the employee has completed twelve months' continuous service with the same employer, by a Wages (Minimum Wages) Notice made annually by the Minister responsible for labour and employment under section 21(2) of the Labour Act 2024 (Act No. 3 of 2024) after the Wages and Conditions of Employment Advisory Board has been informed of the decision. Each notice sets a monthly, a weekly and a daily floor in maloti and repeals its predecessor. A residual 'general minimum wage' catches any unskilled or manual labourer in a commercial or industrial undertaking not covered by a named sector.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-21","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-03-28","source":{"name":"Legal Notice No. 62 of 2025, Labour Act Wages (Minimum Wages) Notice 2025 (Lesotho Government Gazette Vol. 70, Friday 28th March 2025, No. 28, pp. 482-492), made by Tšeliso Mokhosi, Minister of Labour and Employment, 'Pursuant to Section 21(2) of the Labour Act, 2024 and after informing the Board of my decision'; paragraph 1: 'shall come into operation on the date of publication in the Gazette'; paragraph 3: 'The minimum wages are as set out in the schedule'; paragraph 4 repeals the Labour Code (Minimum Wages) Notice 2024 (L.N. No. 27 of 2024)","url":"https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/ls/2025/ls-government-gazette-dated-2025-03-28-no-28.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Public holidays observed in Lesotho in calendar year 2026. The days are those specified in the Schedule to the Public Holidays Act 1995 (Act No. 7 of 1995) as amended, which section 4 makes the reference point for every other Lesotho law that speaks of a public holiday; section 3 lets the King, acting on the advice of the Minister of Home Affairs, appoint any further day by notice in the Gazette.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-30","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Public Holidays Act 1995 (Act No. 7 of 1995), section 2 and Schedule, as amended by Act No. 1 of 2003 — read with the 2026 list published by the Embassy of the Kingdom of Lesotho in Washington, D.C. ('The Embassy of the Kingdom of Lesotho in Washington, D.C. will observe following Lesotho and US Holidays in 2026') and the standing list published by the Lesotho National Development Corporation","url":"https://www.lesothoemb-usa.gov.ls/public-holidays/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline annual inflation from the national Consumer Price Index compiled and published monthly by the Bureau of Statistics, a department of the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, in its numbered Statistical Report series. The index is rebased to 2022 = 100 and weighted from the 2017/18 Household Budget Survey.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Official Lesotho Bureau of Statistics homepage — 2.9% Inflation Rate (July 2026)","url":"https://www.bos.gov.ls/Index.htm"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Company income tax rate (standard, non-manufacturing)","description":"The rate of income tax on the chargeable income of a resident company from sources other than manufacturing — item 4, 'Other income', of the Third Schedule (Resident Company Income Tax Rates) to the Income Tax Act 1993 (Act No. 9 of 1993), applied by section 10 of that Act and collected by Revenue Services Lesotho. The Lesotho year of assessment runs 1 April to 31 March unless the Commissioner General approves a substituted accounting period; companies pay in three advance instalments under section 150 and file by 30 June.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2007-04-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Act 1993 (Act No. 9 of 1993), Third Schedule (section 10), 'Resident Company Income Tax Rates', item 4 'Other income ... 25%', the Schedule having been substituted by section 3 of Act No. 2 of 2007 — consolidated text published by Revenue Services Lesotho on its own site; confirmed as current by RSL's Tax Rates page ('Company Income Tax (CIT): For manufacturing companies and commercial farming 10%; Other companies 25%')","url":"https://www.rsl.org.ls/sites/default/files/2024-05/Income%20Tax%20Act%201993%20%20Updated%20up%20to%201%20April%202012_0.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Lesotho levies on Lesotho-source payments to non-residents - passive income (dividends, interest, royalties, natural resource payments, management charges) under section 107 of the Income Tax Act 1993 and payments under Lesotho-source services contracts under section 108 - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Revenue Services Lesotho (RSL).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","source":{"name":"RSL Income Tax Public Ruling Issue 1 - Withholding Taxes (Income Tax Act No. 9 of 1993 as amended, sections 107, 108, 157, 158 and 160): section 107 table lists Dividends 25%, Interest 25%, Natural Resource Payment 25%, Management fee 25%, Royalty 25%; 'where dividend is paid out of manufacturing income, no withholding tax is payable. Further where, the royalty is paid for the use of technology that produces manufacturing income subject to tax in Lesotho, the rate of withholding tax is 15%'; section 108 services table: '10% For all items in this category'","url":"https://www.rsl.org.ls/sites/default/files/2024-05/Income%20Tax%20Public%20Ruling%20Withholding%20Taxes%20%20.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory late-payment interest","description":"Lesotho has no prescribed rate of interest statute: interest on an overdue money debt is claimed as mora interest at common law, at a rate the court determines, with the Roman-Dutch 6% argued as the legal rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"High Court of Lesotho, Botha v Lesotho Revenue Authority (CIV/APN/289/2017) [2022] LSHC 73, para [9]: 'where a debt is due and payable, as in the case of assessed tax, the interest thereon is referred to as morae interest ... the correct rate at morae interest, or legal rate is 6%', citing the Court of Appeal in Lesotho Marketing Enterprises (Pty) Ltd v Minister of Commerce and Others and Xing Long Enterprise (Pty) Ltd v Zhingsing (Pty) Ltd, 'which held the lending rates in 2015 were 7% based on the commercial repo rate'; para [8]: 'In terms of Section 6 of the Money Lenders Act, any interest rate in excess of 25% is deemed harsh and unconscionable'","url":"https://lesotholii.org/akn/ls/judgment/lshc/2022/73/eng@2022-03-16"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax rates, threshold and credit","description":"Lesotho taxes resident individuals under a two-rate structure — Second Schedule (section 9(1)) to the Income Tax Act 1993 — plus a non-refundable personal tax credit under section 73 of the same Act, which is deducted from the tax otherwise payable. The bracket boundary and the credit are monetary amounts that the Minister of Finance re-sets almost every year by regulation under section 212(1)(c). The individual year of assessment runs 1 April to 31 March; employment income is collected through PAYE, which employers must remit to Revenue Services Lesotho by the 15th of the following month.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-04-01","source":{"name":"Legal Notice No. 24 of 2026, Income Tax (Amendment of Monetary Amounts) Regulations 2026 (Lesotho Government Gazette Vol. 71, Friday 27th March 2026, No. 25, p. 579), made by Retšelisitsoe Matlanyane, Minister responsible for finance and development planning, pursuant to section 212(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act 1993: para 1 'shall come into operation on the 1st April, 2026'; para 3 'Section 73 of the Principal Law is amended by deleting the amount \"M11,640.00\"; and substituting the amount \"M12,240.00\"'; para 4 'The second schedule to the Principal Law is amended by deleting the amount \"M74,040.00\"; and substituting the amount \"M77,760.00\"'; para 5 repeals the 2025 regulations","url":"https://www.rsl.org.ls/sites/default/files/2026-04/INCOME%20TAX%20%28AMA%29%20REGULATIONS%20No.24%20of%20%202026.%20%281%29%20%281%29_0.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Lesotho (LS): none exist. Lesotho operates no contributory national social-insurance scheme for private-sector employees, and this record states what stands in its place and under what law.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Labour Act, 2024 (Lesotho), in force from 2 April 2024, consolidating Lesotho's labour and employment legislation, including the severance payment entitlement; Workmen's Compensation Act, 1977, with the Workmen's Compensation Regulations, 2025 (updated benefit caps and minimum payout for work-related injury, disability and death, effective 1 February 2025); Old Age Pension Act, 2005 (universal, non-contributory, tax-funded old-age pension); Pension Funds Act, 2019 (regulation of voluntary occupational and private pension schemes); Public Officers' Defined Contribution Pension Fund (pensionfund.org.ls), covering public officers only; Consolidated National Social Security Bill for Lesotho (drafted, evaluated, not enacted).","url":"https://nationalassembly.parliament.ls/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/LABOUR-BILL2023-19-January-2024.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ls/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"MA","name":"Morocco","currency":"MAD","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Bank Al-Maghrib key policy rate (taux directeur)","description":"Bank Al-Maghrib (BAM) key policy rate / taux directeur, set by the Board (Conseil) at its quarterly meetings (roughly March, June, September, December).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-03-20","source":{"name":"Bank Al-Maghrib - Communique de presse, Reunion du Conseil du 23 juin 2026: le Conseil a juge 'approprie de maintenir le taux directeur inchange a 2,25%'. NOTE: Bank Al-Maghrib's own 'Historique des decisions' table does not list this 23 June 2026 meeting - its most recent row is 19 March 2026 - so the summary table lags the communiques it summarises. Cite the communique.","url":"https://www.bkam.ma/Communiques/Reunion-du-conseil/2026/Reunion-du-conseil-de-bank-al-maghrib-23-juin-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/policy-rate"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory legal interest (taux légal)","description":"Morocco's legal/moratory interest in civil and commercial matters: 6% per annum under the dahir of 9 October 1913 as modified by the dahir of 16 June 1950.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"1950-06-16","source":{"name":"Dahir du 8 kaada 1331 (9 octobre 1913) fixant, en matière civile et commerciale, le taux légal des intérêts et le maximum des intérêts conventionnels, modifié par le dahir du 29 chaabane 1369 (16 juin 1950) — 6%, applied consistently by the Cour Suprême/Cour de Cassation","url":"https://juricaf.org/arret/MAROC-COURSUPREME-19651026-C19"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/statutory-interest"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate (TVA taux normal)","description":"Standard value-added tax (Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée) rate under the Code Général des Impôts (CGI), Article 99.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"1996-01-01","source":{"name":"Direction Générale des Impôts — Code Général des Impôts 2026, Article 99-I (édition officielle DGI)","url":"https://www.tax.gov.ma/wps/wcm/connect/08712531-1e81-4e28-a38b-2bd9edf8e09e/CGI+2026+FR.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-08712531-1e81-4e28-a38b-2bd9edf8e09e-pM5DEs1"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT/GST registration becomes compulsory in Morocco, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Official CGI 2024 consolidated PDF (marocpme.gov.ma, government agency): art. 91-II-3° \"Les ventes et prestations de services, effectuées par les fabricants et les prestataires, personnes physiques, dont le chiffre d'affaires annuel est inférieur ou égal à cinq cent mille (500.000) dirhams\" (footnote: article 6, LF n° 50-22 pour 2023); art. 89-I-2°-b \"les commerçants dont le chiffre d'affaires taxable réalisé au cours de l'année précédente est égal ou supérieur à deux millions (2 000 000) de dirhams\"","url":"https://marocpme.gov.ma/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Code-General-des-Impots-2024.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage — SMIG (non-agricultural) and SMAG (agricultural)","description":"Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti (SMIG) for industry, commerce and services, set by decree under Articles 356-361 of the Labour Code (Loi 65-99). SMAG is the separate agricultural minimum.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Décret n° 2.25.983 (adopted in Conseil de gouvernement 18/12/2025; published in Bulletin Officiel n° 7469) — Secrétariat Général du Gouvernement, Bulletins Officiels","url":"https://www.sgg.gov.ma/BulletinOfficiel.aspx"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Official paid public holidays governed by Décret n° 2-77-169 of 28 February 1977 (as amended), comprising fixed-date national/civil holidays and movable Islamic religious holidays whose exact dates are fixed by the Ministry of Habous and Islamic Affairs via lunar observation.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Ministère de la Transition Numérique et de la Réforme de l'Administration — Horaires de travail et jours fériés (Décret n° 2-77-169 du 28/02/1977 et ses modifications)","url":"https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/nos-metiers/horaires-de-travail-et-jours-f%C3%A9ri%C3%A9s"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"Haut-Commissariat au Plan (HCP) — L'Indice des prix à la consommation (IPC) du mois de Mai 2026","url":"https://www.hcp.ma/L-Indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation-IPC-du-mois-de-Mai-2026_a4322.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national tax authority or Code Général des Impôts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Direction Générale des Impôts — Code Général des Impôts 2026, Article 19 (taux de l'impôt sur les sociétés)","url":"https://www.tax.gov.ma/wps/wcm/connect/08712531-1e81-4e28-a38b-2bd9edf8e09e/CGI+2026+FR.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-08712531-1e81-4e28-a38b-2bd9edf8e09e-pM5DEs1"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Morocco levies on payments to non-residents under the Code Général des Impôts (CGI) - the retenue à la source on dividends (produits des actions, on a legislated step-down from 15% to 10%), on interest (produits de placements à revenu fixe), and the 10% tax on 'produits bruts' covering royalties, technical assistance and remuneration for most services rendered by non-residents (CGI art. 15) - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Direction Générale des Impôts (DGI).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"CGI art. 19-IV-B, art. 73 and art. 247-XXXVII-C (dividend trajectory, as unified by the Loi de Finances 2025: 'un barème unique de taux de RAS applicable à tous les dividendes versés, quelle que soit l'année de réalisation des bénéfices dont ils sont issus' - 'a single withholding-rate schedule applicable to all dividends paid, whatever the year the underlying profits were realised'); CGI art. 15 (produits bruts) and art. 19 (taux)","url":"https://www.tax.gov.ma/wps/portal/DGI/Documentation-fiscale/Code-general-impots"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/withholding-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax scale (Impôt sur le revenu) — income bands and marginal rates for resident individuals, from the tax authority / Code Général des Impôts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Direction Générale des Impôts — Code Général des Impôts 2026, Article 73 (barème de l'impôt sur le revenu)","url":"https://www.tax.gov.ma/wps/wcm/connect/08712531-1e81-4e28-a38b-2bd9edf8e09e/CGI+2026+FR.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-08712531-1e81-4e28-a38b-2bd9edf8e09e-pM5DEs1"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Morocco (MA): employee and employer shares of each CNSS branch, the AMO health contribution and the professional-training tax, with the 6 000 MAD ceiling and which branches it does and does not reach.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale (CNSS), Morocco — institutional pages on the calculation of contributions, the AMO rate for salaried employees, family allowances and the 6 000 MAD monthly plafond (AMO wording quoted verbatim); read with the Dahir portant loi n° 1-72-184 du 15 joumada II 1392 (27 juillet 1972) relatif au régime de sécurité sociale, Loi n° 03-14 (indemnité pour perte d'emploi), Loi n° 65-00 portant code de la couverture médicale de base, Loi n° 02-24 as applied by Décret n° 2-25-265 du 3 avril 2025 (in force 1 May 2025), and Loi n° 18-12 relative à la réparation des accidents du travail. Full branch-by-branch rate table cross-checked against the Moroccan contribution table published by the Centre des liaisons européennes et internationales de sécurité sociale (CLEISS), a French public body, data at 1 January 2024, which gives employer 21,09%, salarié 6,74%, total 27,83% and the 0,57% indemnité pour perte d'emploi split 0,38% / 0,19%.","url":"https://www.cnss.ma/fr/content/quel-est-le-taux-de-cotisation-de-lamo-pour-les-salari%C3%A9s"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ma/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"ML","name":"Mali","currency":"XOF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"BCEAO Minimum Bid Rate (taux minimum de soumission)","description":"Principal policy rate of the Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO), the common central bank of the eight-member UEMOA/UMOA monetary union to which Mali belongs. Set by the BCEAO Monetary Policy Committee and applied identically in all member states.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-16","source":{"name":"BCEAO, Communique de presse - Reunion ordinaire du Comite de Politique Monetaire de la BCEAO tenue le 4 mars 2026 (decision effective 16 mars 2026); reconfirmed unchanged by the CPM of 10 juin 2026 and operationally in Avis d'appel d'offres hebdomadaire d'injection de liquidite n deg 23/H/2026, 06/M/2026 et 06/OdR/2026 du 8 juin 2026","url":"https://www.bceao.int/fr/communique-presse/reunion-ordinaire-du-comite-de-politique-monetaire-de-la-bceao-tenue-le-10-juin"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutee (TVA) - standard rate","description":"Mali's single standard value added tax rate, set by the Code General des Impots.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2007-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n deg 06-067 du 29 decembre 2006 portant Code General des Impots (Republique du Mali), Article 229: 'Le taux de la taxe est de 18 %.'","url":"https://www.dgmp.gouv.ml/sites/default/files/code_general_impots.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"Mali makes TVA compulsory for established businesses whose annual turnover (chiffre d'affaires hors taxes) is 50,000,000 FCFA or more (importers regardless of turnover), tested on annual HT turnover with no goods/services split since LF 2017; non-established suppliers have no threshold and must accredit a Mali-domiciled representative (failing which the customer pays the TVA), and Mali has no non-resident digital-services VAT regime.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2017-01-01","source":{"name":"Article 192, Code Général des Impôts du Mali (Loi n°06-067 du 29 décembre 2006, telle que modifiée), as amended by the Loi de Finances pour 2017 (annexe fiscale; LF 2017 = Loi n°2016-056 of December 2016): 'Sont assujettis de plein droit à la TVA, lorsqu'ils réalisent un chiffre d'affaires hors taxes égal ou supérieur à 50.000.000 FCFA : 1° les personnes qui revendent en l'état des produits qu'elles ont importés ou acquis sur le marché local ; 2° les personnes qui vendent des immeubles neufs bâtis ; 3° les producteurs ; 4° les entrepreneurs de travaux immobiliers ; 5° les fournisseurs d'eau, d'électricité, de gaz et de télécommunication ; 6° les prestataires de services. Il en est de même des importateurs quel que soit leur chiffre d'affaires.' — 'Liable to VAT as of right, when they achieve a turnover net of tax equal to or greater than FCFA 50,000,000, are: 1) persons reselling, in the same state, products they imported or acquired locally; 2) sellers of new built buildings; 3) producers; 4) building-works contractors; 5) suppliers of water, electricity, gas and telecommunications; 6) service providers. The same applies to importers whatever their turnover.' Verified in the official DGI online consolidation of the CGI (dgi.gouv.ml/CGI/, consolidation through LF 2017); the LF 2017 annexe fiscale on finances.ml (Etat O) records the amendment of art. 192 setting this unified 50m threshold.","url":"https://www.dgi.gouv.ml/CGI/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti (SMIG)","description":"Mali's national statutory minimum wage, fixed by decree in the Council of Ministers after consultation with the Conseil Superieur du Travail.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2016-01-01","source":{"name":"Decret n deg 2015-0363/P-RM du 19 mai 2015 fixant le salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti (Republique du Mali), Article 1er; indexed in the ILO NATLEX database, record ISN 103439","url":"https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=fr&p_isn=103439&p_count=9&p_classification=12.02"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public Holidays (Fetes legales)","description":"Statutory public holidays of the Republic of Mali for calendar year 2026, declared chomes et payes.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-26","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n deg 05-040 du 22 juillet 2005 relative aux fetes legales en Republique du Mali, as applied each year by communiques of the Ministre du Travail, de la Fonction Publique et du Dialogue Social (MTFPDS)","url":"https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2005/mali-jo-2005-25.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Indice Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation (IHPC) - year-on-year inflation","description":"Mali's national harmonised consumer price index inflation rate, year-on-year (glissement annuel sur douze mois), published monthly by INSTAT Mali.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-22","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"INSTAT Mali (Institut National de la Statistique, Ministere de l'Economie et des Finances), Indice Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation (IHPC) pour les pays membres de l'UEMOA - National - de juin 2026, published 10/07/2026, base 2023","url":"https://www.instat-mali.org/laravel-filemanager/files/shares/pub/ihpc0626_pub.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Impot sur les Societes (IS) - standard rate","description":"Mali's standard corporate income tax rate on company profits.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2012-01-01","source":{"name":"Code Général des Impôts (Loi n°06-067 du 29 décembre 2006), Article 85, modifié par la Loi n°2011-078 du 23 décembre 2011 portant loi de finances pour l'exercice 2012, annexe fiscale art. 3 ('Article 85 (nouveau) : Le taux de l'impôt est fixé à 30%'), transposant la Directive n°08/2008/CM/UEMOA du 26 septembre 2008","url":"https://www.dgmp.gouv.ml/sites/default/files/code_general_impots.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Mali levies at source on payments to non-residents - the impot sur les revenus des valeurs mobilieres (IRVM) on dividends and interest, and the retenue a la source of CGI articles 94-97 on remuneration for economic activity by persons without a permanent professional installation in Mali (services, royalties, public contracts) - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax convention relief. Imposed by the Code general des impots, administered by the Direction generale des impots (DGI).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Mali, Code general des impots (DGI official online text, dgi.gouv.ml): art. 42 (L.F.2012, L.F.2013) - '10% pour les dividendes distribues. Ce taux est ramene a 7% pour les dividendes distribues par les societes cotees...; 6% pour les revenus des obligations...; 9% pour les interets... des depots a vue ou a echeance fixe et des comptes courants; 15% pour les lots...; 18% pour tous les autres revenus'; arts. 94-97 - retenue on persons 'n'ayant pas au Mali d'installation professionnelle permanente', art. 96 - 'deduction forfaitaire de 50%' (services) / '90%' (marches), art. 97 (L.F.2013) - 'Le taux de la retenue est fixe a 30%'","url":"https://www.dgi.gouv.ml/CGI/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux de l'intérêt légal)","description":"Mali's legal interest rate, fixed for each calendar year by ministerial arrêté under the UMOA uniform law: 5.3637% for 2026, the same figure applying in all eight UMOA member states because the formula runs off union-wide BCEAO refinancing rates.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"BCEAO, 'Taux d'intérêt légal 2026 des pays de l'UMOA': MALI — 5,3637%, per 'Arrêté n°2026-0204/MEF-SG du 23 février 2026 portant fixation du taux de l'intérêt légal pour l'année 2026'. Method (BCEAO): 'Le taux d'intérêt légal est fixé, par arrêté ou décret selon le pays, à l'initiative du Ministre chargé des Finances, pour la durée de l'année civile' and 'Il est pour l'année considérée, égal à la moyenne des taux maximum de refinancement applicables aux concours octroyés par la BCEAO au cours de l'année civile précédente, pondérés par les durées correspondantes'","url":"https://www.bceao.int/sites/default/files/inline-files/Taux%20d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20l%C3%A9gal%202026%20des%20pays%20de%20l%27UMOA.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Impot sur les Traitements et Salaires (ITS) - progressive schedule","description":"Mali's progressive tax on wages and salaries, withheld at source by employers.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2007-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n deg 06-067 du 29 decembre 2006 portant Code General des Impots (Republique du Mali), Article 10 (bareme), read with Article 9 (mode de calcul) and Article 11 (reductions pour charge de famille)","url":"https://www.dgmp.gouv.ml/sites/default/files/code_general_impots.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Mali (ML): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch collected by the INPS - family benefits, occupational risks and pensions - plus the compulsory health insurance (AMO) and the ANPE employment levy, with the assiette, the absence of any ceiling and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 99-041 du 12 aout 1999 portant Code de prevoyance sociale (Mali), as updated to 2006, published by the Secretariat General du Gouvernement du Mali - articles 179-200, in particular 181 (employer's remittance duty for both shares), 187-189 (assiette, all elements of remuneration, regional SMIG floor), 190 (domestic staff and casual labour on real salaries), 191 (assessment of own motion), 192 and 195 (rates fixed by decret in Conseil des Ministres after board deliberation), 196 (work-accident rate varying by activity branch and by the firm's degree of safety), 197 (worker's pension share fixed at 40% of the regime rate), 198 (80% replacement target over 40 years), 199 (monthly remittance above 9 employees, quarterly below 10), 200 (privilege on insolvency); loi n° 09-015 du 26 juin 2009 instituting the Assurance Maladie Obligatoire managed by CANAM; Institut National de Prevoyance Sociale (INPS) published contribution rates; Centre des liaisons europeennes et internationales de securite sociale (CLEISS), \"Les cotisations au Mali\", table stated effective 1 January 2025 (per-branch rates, the 3,4% pension / 2% invalidity-death split within the employer's 5,4%, the ANPE 1% line, the SMIG of 40 000 FCFA and the 0,75% pensioner AMO rate).","url":"https://sgg-mali.ml/codes/mali-code-prevoyance-sociale-1999-maj-2006.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ml/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"MU","name":"Mauritius","currency":"MUR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Bank of Mauritius Key Rate","description":"The Key Rate (KR) — the Bank of Mauritius policy rate that signals the monetary policy stance, set by the Monetary Policy Committee (a statutory committee under the Bank of Mauritius Act 2004) at roughly quarterly meetings. The Bank operates a symmetric 200-basis-point corridor around the Key Rate: an Overnight Lending Facility at KR +100bp and an Overnight Deposit Facility at KR -100bp, with a 2-5 per cent inflation target (3.5 per cent medium-term midpoint).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-20","source":{"name":"Bank of Mauritius — Media Release, 12 August 2026: 'Key Rate maintained at 4.75 per cent per annum'. At that meeting the Monetary Policy Committee unanimously decided to maintain the Key Rate unchanged at 4.75 per cent per annum; minutes due 26 August 2026. The level was SET on 20 May 2026 (+25bp, from 4.50), which is the date this series carries","url":"https://www.bom.mu/media/media-releases/key-rate-maintained-475-cent-annum"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard rate of Value Added Tax charged under section 10 of the Value Added Tax Act 1998 at the rate specified in the Fourth Schedule, administered by the Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA) on taxable supplies made in Mauritius and on imports.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2002-07-01","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Act (Consolidated Version up to May 2026), section 10 'Rate of VAT' read with the FOURTH SCHEDULE (section 10): 'Rate of VAT ... 15 per cent' — MRA official consolidated text; endnote 466 records that the Fourth Schedule was amended to 15 per cent by Finance Act 20/2002 with effect from 01.07.02","url":"https://www.mra.mu/download/VATAct.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Mauritius, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-10-01","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Act 1998, s.15(1) read with the Sixth Schedule, as amended by the Finance Act 2025 (Act No. 18 of 2025), s.61(t) — 'Compulsory VAT registration threshold reduced from Rs 6 million to Rs 3 million', effective 1 October 2025. MRA Communiqué of 12 September 2025: \"following changes brought by the Finance Act 2025, the following persons in business are compulsorily required to register for Value Added Tax (VAT) — (a) those having an annual turnover of taxable supplies exceeding or is likely to exceed Rs 3 million... The registration will take effect as from 1 October 2025.\"","url":"https://www.mra.mu/download/VATReg120925.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National Minimum Wage (full-time worker, monthly)","description":"The national minimum wage payable by every employer to a full-time worker, prescribed by regulation 3(1) of the National Minimum Wage Regulations 2017 made by the Minister under sections 8 and 23 of the National Wage Consultative Council Act 2016, and revised by amendment regulations gazetted each January with effect from 1 January.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"The National Minimum Wage (Amendment) Regulations 2026, Government Notice No. 8 of 2026, made by the Minister on 12 January 2026 and gazetted 17 January 2026: regulation 3(1) of the principal regulations amended by deleting '17,110 rupees' and replacing it by '17,745 rupees'; 'These regulations shall be deemed to have come into operation on 1 January 2026'","url":"https://labour.govmu.org/Documents/Legislations/NWCC/The%20National%20Minimum%20Wage_Amd_Regulations%202026%20gazetted%20on%2017.1.2026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Public holidays of the Republic of Mauritius for calendar year 2026, as declared by General Notice of the Prime Minister's Office — a mix of fixed national and Christian dates and movable Hindu, Muslim, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi and Chinese festival dates.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"General Notice No. 611 of 2026, Republic of Mauritius — 'PUBLIC HOLIDAYS--2026 (AMENDED)', issued by the Prime Minister's Office, Port Louis, 25 May 2026 (published 2 June 2026). Supersedes the original 2026 list, General Notice No. 1195 of 2025","url":"https://pmo.govmu.org/Communique/GN_No._611-Amendment_to_Public_Holidays_2026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent — the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index for a given month against the same month of the previous year, published monthly by Statistics Mauritius.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-08-01","source":{"name":"Statistics Mauritius CPI August 2026 PDF (released 07 September 2026), base Jan–Dec 2023=100. Headline YoY 4.9% (July 2026 was 4.4%; June 2026 was 3.7%). Index 113.4 vs 112.9 in July. Do not use headline 12-month average (4.0%).","url":"https://statsmauritius.govmu.org/Documents/Statistics/Monthly/CPI/2026/CPI_M_Aug26_070926.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard rate of income tax on the chargeable income of a resident company, charged under section 4 of the Income Tax Act 1995 at the rate specified in Part IV of the First Schedule, administered by the Mauritius Revenue Authority. Mauritius companies file on a year-of-assessment basis for accounting years ending in the year to 30 June.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2010-07-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Act 1995 (Consolidated up to May 2026), section 4(1)(b) read with the FIRST SCHEDULE, PART IV: 'Rate of income tax ... 15 per cent' — MRA official consolidated text. The 25-to-15 per cent phase-down was set by Finance Act 2006 s.18(zzf) (endnote 1017), reaching 15 per cent for the year of assessment commencing 1 July 2010 and every subsequent year of assessment","url":"https://www.mra.mu/download/ITAConsolidated.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The tax Mauritius deducts at source (TDS) on payments to non-residents under the Income Tax Act 1995 (s.111A-111D) - interest, royalties, management fees and services rendered in Mauritius - together with the zero position on dividends, at domestic statutory rates before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"MRA - Tax Deduction at Source Guide (October 2025), rate table: interest 15% ('Interest payable by any person, other than by a bank or non-bank deposit taking institution, under the Banking Act, to any person, other than a company resident in Mauritius - 15'); 'Royalty payable to a resident is subject to TDS at the rate of 10%, while royalty payable to a non-resident is subject to TDS at the rate of 15%'; management fees to a non-resident 10% (s.111B(i)); payment to a non-resident for services rendered in Mauritius 10% (s.111B(h))","url":"https://www.mra.mu/download/TDSGuide.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Legal rate of interest (intérêts au taux légal)","description":"Mauritius' statutory default interest under article 1153 of the Code Civil Mauricien: a rate decreed by regulations of the Minister of Finance, set each year at the Bank of Mauritius Key Rate prevailing on 31 December and fixed for the following calendar year — 4.50% for 2026.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Code Civil Mauricien art. 1153: 'Dans les obligations qui se bornent au paiement d'une certaine somme, les dommages-intérêts résultant du retard dans l'exécution ne consistent jamais que dans la condamnation aux intérêts au taux légal décrété par règlement du Ministre des finances, sauf les règles particulières au commerce et au cautionnement' (damages for delay in paying a sum of money consist only of interest at the legal rate decreed by regulations of the Minister of Finance); Code Civil Mauricien (Rate of Interest) Regulations 2023, GN No. 19 of 2023: for the purpose of article 1153 'the rate of interest shall be equivalent to the Key Rate as determined by the central bank and prevailing at 31 December of every year, and shall be effective from 1 January to 31 December of the following year'; Bank of Mauritius MPC, 12 November 2025: Key Rate kept unchanged at 4.50 per cent per annum","url":"http://commonlii.org/mu/legis/num_reg/ccmoir2023n19o2023513.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax bands","description":"Statutory rate schedule for resident individuals, charged under section 4 of the Income Tax Act 1995 at the rates specified in Part I of the First Schedule, on annual chargeable income for the income year running 1 July to 30 June. Administered by the Mauritius Revenue Authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-07-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Act 1995 (Consolidated up to May 2026), FIRST SCHEDULE [Sections 4 and 44B], PART I: 'First 500,000 rupees — 0 per cent; Next 500,000 rupees — 10 per cent; Remainder — 20 per cent'. Endnote 1014 records that Part I was repealed and replaced by the FINANCE ACT 2025, deemed to have come into operation in respect of the income year commencing on 1 July 2025 and every subsequent income year","url":"https://www.mra.mu/download/ITAConsolidated.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Mauritius (MU): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, with the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Mauritius Revenue Authority, \"Contribution Sociale Généralisée (CSG)\" page (mra.mu/index.php/business/csg) — current CSG rate table, base, prescribed-bonus treatment and the statutory \"employer\"/\"participant\" definitions; MRA Circular to All Employers, \"Contribution Sociale Généralisée (CSG)\" (mra.mu/download/CircularCSG.pdf) — introduction of CSG from 1 September 2020, replacement of NPF, and the express statement that CSG has no ceiling while NSF retains one; MRA, \"NPF / NSF Contributions and Training Levy\" page (mra.mu/index.php/employers/npf-nsf-contributions) — NSF rates, the HRDC Training Levy rate, the basic-wage base, the exclusions, the retirement-age rules and the minimum/maximum contribution wages applicable from 1 July 2026; MRA, \"Guide of Portable Retirement Gratuity Fund\" (mra.mu/download/PRGFGuide.pdf, August 2025) — PRGF 4.5% rate, the definition of monthly remuneration and the eight exclusions; Social Contribution and Social Benefits Act 2021; Workers' Rights Act 2019 and the Workers' Rights (Portable Retirement Gratuity Fund) Regulations 2020.","url":"https://www.mra.mu/index.php/business/csg"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mu/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"MZ","name":"Mozambique","currency":"MZN","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"MIMO rate (Taxa de Juro de Política Monetária)","description":"Banco de Moçambique's policy interest rate — the taxa MIMO (taxa de Mercado Monetário Interbancário de Moçambique), set by the Comité de Política Monetária (CPMO), composed of the Governor, Vice-Governor and Administrators, which meets once every two months and decides the level of the MIMO rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-28","source":{"name":"Banco de Moçambique — Comité de Política Monetária, Comunicado n.º 1/2026, Maputo, 28 de Janeiro de 2026: 'Taxa de Juro de Política Monetária reduzida para 9,25 %' — o CPMO decidiu reduzir a taxa MIMO de 9,50 % para 9,25 %. Held unchanged since: Comunicado n.º 2/2026 (23 de Março de 2026) and Comunicado n.º 3/2026 (25 de Maio de 2026), both 'Taxa de Juro de Política Monetária mantida em 9,25 %'","url":"https://www.bancomoc.mz/media/c4vfbjzh/comunicado-n%C2%BA-1-2026-de-28-de-janeiro-comit%C3%A9-de-pol%C3%ADtica-monet%C3%A1ria.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"IVA standard rate","description":"Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado (IVA) — standard rate under the Código do IVA approved by Lei n.º 32/2007, de 31 de Dezembro, as amended by Lei n.º 3/2012, altered and republished by Lei n.º 13/2016, de 30 de Dezembro, and further amended by Lei n.º 22/2022, de 28 de Dezembro, Lei n.º 3/2025, de 21 de Maio and Lei n.º 10/2025, de 29 de Dezembro. Administered by the Autoridade Tributária de Moçambique (AT).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"República de Moçambique, Ministério da Economia e Finanças — 'Pacote de Medidas de Aceleração Económica' (PAE, anunciado pelo Governo a 9 de Agosto de 2022), Medida 1: 'Reduzir a taxa do IVA de 17% para 16% — visando a redução gradual da carga tributária para dinamizar a economia e melhorar o poder de compra das famílias'. Enacted by Lei n.º 22/2022, de 28 de Dezembro (alteração ao Código do IVA), identified as an amending law of the CIVA in the preamble of Lei n.º 10/2025, de 29 de Dezembro (Boletim da República I Série n.º 248, Suplemento, 29/12/2025)","url":"https://www.mef.gov.mz/index.php/todas-publicacoes/instrumentos-de-gestao-economica-e-social/estrategias-nacionais/pacote-de-medidas-de-aceleracao-economica/1643-pacote-de-medidas-de-aceleracao-economica-1/file?force-download=1"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Mozambique, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services. Value 0 records the verified ABSENCE of any threshold since 1 January 2026 (it is not a refusal).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Lei n.º 10/2025, de 29 de Dezembro (Boletim da República n.º 248, I Série, Suplemento), amending the Código do IVA (Lei n.º 32/2007, de 31 de Dezembro, republished by Lei n.º 13/2016, amended by Lei n.º 22/2022 and Lei n.º 3/2025), in force 1 January 2026. As summarised by SAL & Caldeira (DLA Piper Africa): \"Foram revogados os regimes especiais de IVA, nomeadamente o regime de isenção e o regime de tributação simplificada, ficando os sujeitos passivos inicialmente enquadrados nestes regimes, obrigados a cumprir com as obrigações de IVA aplicáveis ao regime de contabilidade organizada\" ('the special VAT regimes — the exemption regime and the simplified taxation regime — were revoked; taxpayers previously within them must now comply with the VAT obligations of the organised-accounting regime'). Small-taxpayer escape: ISPC, Lei n.º 5/2009, de 12 de Janeiro, alterada pela Lei n.º 9/2025, de 29 de Dezembro, art. 2(2): \"consideram-se as actividades... cujo volume de negócios anual seja igual ou inferior a 4.000.000,00MT\" ('activities whose annual turnover is equal to or below MZN 4,000,000'); art. 2(3): election is optional; art. 5: ISPC excludes application of IVA, IRPS and IRPC.","url":"https://www.dlapiperafrica.com/pt/mozambique/insights/2026/Changes-to-the-Value-Added-Tax-Code-"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Sectoral minimum wages (salários mínimos por sector)","description":"Mozambique has NO single national minimum wage. Minimum wages are fixed SECTOR BY SECTOR by joint Diplomas Ministeriais of the Ministers of Economy and Finance, of Labour and Social Security and of the relevant line ministry, after consulting the social partners in the Comissão Consultiva do Trabalho, under n.º 4 do artigo 117 da Lei n.º 13/2023, de 25 de Agosto (Lei do Trabalho) read with Diploma Ministerial n.º 161/2007, de 31 de Dezembro. There are 8 economic sectors, several split into sub-sectors, giving 13 distinct monthly figures.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-04-01","source":{"name":"Diplomas Ministeriais n.º 34/2026 a 41/2026, de 20 de Maio — Boletim da República I Série n.º 94, de 20 de Maio de 2026 (edição assinada da Imprensa Nacional de Moçambique), emitidos ao abrigo do art. 117 n.º 4 da Lei n.º 13/2023, de 25 de Agosto, conjugado com o Diploma Ministerial n.º 161/2007; cada diploma: 'produz efeitos a partir de 1 de Abril de 2026'","url":"https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mz/2026/mz-government-gazette-series-i-dated-2026-05-20-no-94.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Feriados nacionais obrigatórios — days on which work is suspended throughout the national territory, listed in Artigo 105 da Lei n.º 13/2023, de 25 de Agosto (Lei do Trabalho), calendar year 2026.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-30","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Lei n.º 13/2023, de 25 de Agosto (Lei do Trabalho, que revoga a Lei n.º 23/2007, de 1 de Agosto), Artigo 105 (Feriados obrigatórios), n.º 2 — Boletim da República I Série n.º 165, 2.º Suplemento, 25 de Agosto de 2023","url":"https://www.inss.gov.mz/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/NOVA-LEI-DO-TRABALHO-DE-25-DE-AGOSTO-DE-2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation for Mozambique, year-on-year percent (variação homóloga do Índice de Preços no Consumidor), latest published month, from the Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-21","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) — Índice de Preços no Consumidor (IPC) Julho de 2026, Moçambique: índice 114,8; variação mensal -0,26%; acumulada 5,12%; homóloga 7,48%; média 12 meses 4,87%. Corroborated by Banco de Moçambique news item 'INFLAÇÃO ANUAL DESACELERA PARA 7,48 % EM JULHO' (segunda-feira, 10 de Agosto de 2026), which cites INE","url":"https://www.ine.gov.mz/web/guest/estat%C3%ADsticas/-/document_library/pfpz/view/44479"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"IRPC standard rate","description":"Imposto sobre o Rendimento das Pessoas Colectivas (IRPC) — standard rate on the taxable profit of resident companies and other collective persons, under the Código do IRPC approved by Lei n.º 34/2007, de 31 de Dezembro, successively amended by Lei n.º 20/2009, Lei n.º 4/2012, Lei n.º 19/2013, Lei n.º 20/2022, de 30 de Dezembro and Lei n.º 12/2025, de 29 de Dezembro. Administered by the Autoridade Tributária de Moçambique.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2008-01-01","source":{"name":"Regulamento do Código do IRPC, aprovado pelo Decreto n.º 9/2008, de 16 de Abril, Artigo 3 (Taxas): 'A taxa do imposto fixada no Código do IRPC, aprovado pela Lei n.º 34/2007, de 31 de Dezembro, é de 32%, excepto nos seguintes casos…' — texto publicado pela Autoridade Tributária de Moçambique. Rate left untouched by Lei n.º 12/2025, de 29 de Dezembro (in force 1 Jan 2026), which amends only artigos 3, 5, 20, 62, 67 e 75 and adds artigo 61-A","url":"https://www.at.gov.mz/por/Processos-Fiscais/Imposto-sobre-o-Rendimento-de-Pessoas-colectivas-IRPC"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"Mozambican domestic withholding tax (retencao na fonte / taxa liberatoria) under the Codigo do IRPC (Lei 34/2007, de 31 de Dezembro, as amended, most recently by Lei 12/2025, de 29 de Dezembro) on payments to non-residents without a permanent establishment. Administered by the Autoridade Tributaria de Mocambique (AT).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-12","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Autoridade Tributaria de Mocambique FAQ (rendimentos de nao residentes): 'sao tributaveis a taxa liberatoria de 20%, mediante retencao na fonte, nos termos do n.o 2 do artigo 62, conjugado com a alinea b) do n.o 1 do artigo 67' do Codigo do IRPC; corroborated post-reform by RSM Mozambique Tax Pocket Guide 2026 (WHT 'at flat rates of 10% or 20%') and DLA Piper Africa / SAL & Caldeira, 'Changes to the Corporate Income Tax Code' (Lei 12/2025, in force 1 January 2026)","url":"https://www.at.gov.mz/por/Perguntas-Frequentes2/Perguntas-e-respostas-mais-frequentes-em-sede-de-tributacao-dos-rendimentos-obtidos-pelos-nao-residentes-em-Mocambique-que-foram-objecto-de-pareceres-vinculativos-por-parte-da-DGI"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Commercial legal interest rate (taxa de juro comercial)","description":"Mozambique's statutory interest on commercial obligations: the Prime Rate do Sistema Financeiro Moçambicano, fixed monthly by the Banco de Moçambique with the Mozambican Banking Association — 15.50% for August 2026, with a further two percentage points added on default.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2026-08-01","source":{"name":"Decreto-Lei n.º 3/2022, de 25 de Maio (Regime Jurídico dos Contratos Comerciais): the commercial interest rate is the legal interest rate save written stipulation to the contrary, referenced to the Prime Rate do Sistema Financeiro Moçambicano, and on default by the debtor in commercial credit a surcharge of two percentage points is added; Banco de Moçambique / Associação Moçambicana de Bancos, Prime Rate do Sistema Financeiro Moçambicano, Comunicado n.º 06/2026: 'a Prime Rate do Sistema Financeiro Moçambicano é a taxa única de referência para as operações de crédito de taxa de juro variável e resulta da soma do Indexante Único e do Prémio de Custo' — Indexante Único 9,30% + Prémio de Custo 6,20% = 15,50%, held at 15,50% for August 2026","url":"https://www.bancomoc.mz/media/v5ag3eex/prime-rate-e-spread-de-risco-de-julho-de-2026-bancos-comerciais-microfinan%C3%A7as.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"IRPS progressive rate schedule","description":"Imposto sobre o Rendimento das Pessoas Singulares (IRPS) — general progressive rates on annual taxable income of resident individuals, Artigo 54 do Código do IRPS approved by Lei n.º 33/2007, de 31 de Dezembro, amended by Lei n.º 20/2013, de 23 de Setembro, altered and republished by Lei n.º 19/2017, de 28 de Dezembro, and amended by Lei n.º 11/2025, de 29 de Dezembro (in force 1 January 2026).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Código do IRPS, Artigo 54 (Taxas gerais) — aprovado pela Lei n.º 33/2007, de 31 de Dezembro, alterada pela Lei n.º 20/2013 e republicada pela Lei n.º 19/2017, de 28 de Dezembro; verified untouched by the latest amending law, Lei n.º 11/2025, de 29 de Dezembro (BR I Série n.º 248, Suplemento n.º 1, 29/12/2025, Lei at pp. 2180-(15) ff., em vigor 1 de Janeiro de 2026)","url":"https://www.at.gov.mz/por/content/download/93497/805636/version/1/file/BR_248_I_SERIE_SUPLEMENTO_2025.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Mozambique (MZ): employee and employer shares of the compulsory social security contribution administered by the Instituto Nacional de Segurança Social, with the instrument fixing the rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2017-10-09","source":{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Segurança Social de Moçambique (INSS), \"Taxa contributiva – Contribuinte\" page (inss.gov.mz/taxa-contributiva-contribuinte) and \"Taxa contributiva TCO\" page (inss.gov.mz/taxa-contributiva-tco) — the administering fund's own statements of the employer and worker rates and of the combined 7% remitted monthly; Decreto n.º 51/2017, de 9 de Outubro (Regulamento da Segurança Social Obrigatória), named as the current contribution regulation.","url":"https://www.inss.gov.mz/taxa-contributiva-contribuinte/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/mz/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"NA","name":"Namibia","currency":"NAD","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Bank of Namibia Repo rate","description":"The Repo rate — the rate at which commercial banks borrow Namibia Dollars from the Bank of Namibia — set by the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee at bi-monthly meetings (six per year). This is Namibia's OWN policy rate, decided in Windhoek, not the South African Reserve Bank's repo rate; but Namibia is a Common Monetary Area member with the Namibia Dollar pegged one-to-one to the South African Rand, and every MPC statement frames the decision as 'safeguarding the peg', which anchors the rate closely to the SARB's.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-17","source":{"name":"Bank of Namibia — Monetary Policy Statement dated 17 June 2026 (ref 9/6/2), MPC meeting of 15 and 16 June 2026: 'REPO RATE INCREASED BY 25 BASIS POINTS TO 6.75 PERCENT'; para 15: 'the MPC decided to raise the Repo rate by 25 basis points to 6.75 percent. This increase effectively brings the Prime lending rate to 10.25 percent'. Level reaffirmed without change by the Monetary Policy Statement of 12 August 2026 (MPC meeting of 10 and 11 August 2026): the MPC unanimously decided to maintain the Repo rate at 6.75 percent.","url":"https://www.bon.com.na/getattachment/e98fd8d4-777a-4ce0-bf50-60f93379c0e8/.aspx"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Value-added tax standard rate imposed by section 6(1) of the Value-Added Tax Act 10 of 2000 on every taxable supply by a registered person and on every import of goods or services, administered by the Namibia Revenue Agency (NamRA).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2000-11-27","source":{"name":"Value-Added Tax Act 10 of 2000 (GG 2337), section 6(1) — 'calculated at the rate of 15 per cent on the value of the supply or import' (subsection substituted by Act 6 of 2002); consolidated Annotated Statutes text published by NamRA on its own site","url":"https://www.namra.org.na/documents/cms/uploaded/value-added-tax-act-10-of-2000-8d9c425ffc.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Namibia, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-10-01","source":{"name":"Value-Added Tax Act 10 of 2000, s.15(1)(b) as substituted by s.3 of the Value-Added Tax Amendment Act 5 of 2024 (GG 8443, 16 September 2024): a person 'becomes liable to be registered - (i) at the end of any period of 12 months, where during that period such person made taxable supplies the total value of which exceeded N$1 000 000; or (ii) at the beginning of any period of 12 months, where there are reasonable grounds for believing that the total value of taxable supplies to be made by such person during that period will exceed N$1 000 000'. Application within 21 days of becoming liable (s.15(6)). The Amendment Act was brought into force on 1 October 2024 by GN 281/2024 (GG 8460) (s.7 of the Act left commencement to ministerial notice).","url":"https://www.lac.org.na/laws/2024/8443.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum wage","description":"Namibia's first NATIONAL statutory minimum wage, set by wage order made by the Minister responsible for labour under section 13 of the Labour Act 11 of 2007 on the recommendation of the Wages Commission. Expressed as an hourly rate; applies to all employees and employers, including workers placed by private employment agencies.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Wage Order for Setting National Minimum Wage for Employees, Government Notice No. 218 of 2024 (Government Gazette No. 8409 of 7 August 2024, signed by the Minister of Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Creation on 24 July 2024), paragraph 5(1): 'With effect from 1 January 2025 the minimum wage for employees is N$18.00 per hour'","url":"https://www.lac.org.na/laws/2024/8409.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Public holidays for calendar year 2026, being the days specified in the Schedule to the Public Holidays Act 26 of 1990 (GG 125), which applies nationally and is the reference for every other Namibian law that speaks of a 'public holiday'.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-30","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Public Holidays Act 26 of 1990 (GG 125), in force 1 February 1991, Schedule — as amended by the Public Holidays Amendment Act 16 of 2004 (GG 3348, in force 17 December 2004), which substituted the name of the 10 December holiday; consolidated Annotated Statutes text","url":"https://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Public%20Holidays%20Act%2026%20of%201990.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline annual inflation from the Namibia Consumer Price Index (NCPI), the official all-items index compiled and published monthly by the Namibia Statistics Agency about 15 days after the reference month.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-08-01","source":{"name":"NSA Namibia CPI Bulletin August 2026, posted 10 September 2026. Headline annual 5.0% (July 4.4%; June 4.4%). Monthly 0.6%. Core 3.8%. All-items contribution table also totals 5.0 for Aug-26. Bulletin page: https://nsa.org.na/document/namibia-cpi-bulletin-august-2026/","url":"https://nsa.org.na/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Namibia-CPI-Bulletin-August-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate (non-mining)","description":"Rate of normal tax on the taxable income of a company derived from a source other than mining, set by paragraph 3(1)(a) of Schedule 4 to the Income Tax Act 24 of 1981 and collected by the Namibia Revenue Agency. Applies per year of assessment (a company's own financial year).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Amendment Act 4 of 2024 (Act No. 4 of 2024), section 6(b), promulgated by GN 264 in Government Gazette No. 8442 of 16 September 2024 — substituting Schedule 4 paragraph 3(1)(a) of the Income Tax Act 24 of 1981: 'on each N$ of taxable income derived from a source other than mining = (i) 31 cents in respect of the year of assessment on or after 1 January 2024; and (ii) 30 cents in respect of any year of assessment on or after 1 January 2025'","url":"https://www.lac.org.na/laws/2024/8442.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"Namibian domestic statutory withholding taxes on payments to non-residents under the Income Tax Act 24 of 1981 (as amended), administered by the Namibia Revenue Agency (NamRA): Non-Resident Shareholders' Tax (NRST) on dividends (two-tier 10%/20%), withholding tax on interest paid to non-residents, withholding tax on royalties, and withholding tax on services (management/consultancy vs directors'/entertainment fees).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2016-06-21","source":{"name":"NamRA brochure 'Withholding Tax on Services' (covers all four withholding taxes): 'NRST rate is 10% if the beneficial shareholding company holds at least 25% of the capital and 20% of the amount in all other cases'; 'A person who pays interest to a non-resident is required to withhold tax at a rate of 10%'; 'required to withhold tax on royalties at a rate of 10%'; services 'withhold tax at a rate of 10% or 25%'. Corroborated by PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, Namibia — Withholding taxes (last reviewed 16 July 2026).","url":"https://www.itas.namra.org.na/assets/documents/other-forms/Withholding%20Tax%20on%20Services%20-%2014%20July%202024.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Prescribed rate of interest (mora interest)","description":"Namibia's statutory default interest: a flat 20% per annum prescribed under section 1(2) of the Prescribed Rate of Interest Act 55 of 1975, applying to any debt whose interest rate is not fixed by agreement, other law or trade custom, and to judgment debts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"1990-03-21","source":{"name":"Prescribed Rate of Interest Act 55 of 1975 s 1(1): 'If a debt bears interest and the rate at which the interest is to be calculated is not governed by any other law or by an agreement or a trade custom or in any other manner, such interest shall be calculated at the rate prescribed under subsection (2) as at the time when such interest begins to run, unless a court of law, on the ground of special circumstances relating to that debt, orders otherwise'; High Court of Namibia, Green Consulting Engineers CC t/a Emcon Consulting Group v Minister of Works and Transport [2023] NAHCMD 342, order of 19 March 2021: 'the interest is paid at the prescribed rate of interest which is currently 20% per annum'","url":"https://namiblii.org/akn/na/judgment/nahcmd/2023/342/eng@2023-06-20"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Rates of normal tax on the taxable amount of individuals (and other non-company taxpayers), Schedule 4 paragraph 1 to the Income Tax Act 24 of 1981. Annual Namibia Dollar amounts, marginal rates. The individual year of assessment runs 1 March to the end of February; employment income is collected through PAYE by NamRA.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-03-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Amendment Act 4 of 2024 (Act No. 4 of 2024), section 6(a), promulgated by GN 264 in Government Gazette No. 8442 of 16 September 2024 — substituting Schedule 4 paragraph 1 ('RATES OF NORMAL TAX (Section 6)') of the Income Tax Act 24 of 1981; section 7(a) commences it, for taxpayers other than companies, at the commencement of the year of assessment commencing on or after 1 March 2024","url":"https://www.lac.org.na/laws/2024/8442.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Namibia (NA): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, with the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2025-03-01","source":{"name":"Social Security Act 34 of 1994 (GG 992), ss20, 21, 47 and the note that Part VI (National Medical Benefit Fund) and Part VII (National Pension Fund) have not been brought into force — Legal Assistance Centre annotated statute; Government Notice No. 236 of 2026, \"Amendment of regulations under Social Security Act, 1994\", Government Gazette No. 8975 of 15 July 2026, signed at Windhoek on 2 July 2026 by the Minister of Justice and Labour Relations (the full amendment chain of the GN 198/1995 regulations, the substituted \"basic wage\" proviso and the four-year Table of maximum basic salaries); Government Notice No. 275 in Government Gazette No. 8461 of 1 October 2024, effective 1 March 2025 (N$500 floor, N$11,000 ceiling); Employees' Compensation Act 30 of 1941, ss68, 69, 70, 71 and 80 — Legal Assistance Centre annotated statute; Namibia Training Authority, VET Levy page (rate, threshold, due date and the 27 January 2014 imposition notice).","url":"https://www.lac.org.na/laws/2026/8975.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/na/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"NE","name":"Niger","currency":"XOF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"BCEAO minimum bid rate (taux minimum de soumission)","description":"Main policy rate of the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), applied identically across all 8 WAEMU member states including Niger: the minimum bid rate at liquidity-injection auctions.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-16","source":{"name":"BCEAO - Communique de presse, reunion ordinaire du Comite de Politique Monetaire du 10 juin 2026 (taux maintenus; baisse de 25 pdb effective 16 mars 2026 decidee au CPM du 4 mars 2026)","url":"https://www.bceao.int/fr/communique-presse/reunion-ordinaire-du-comite-de-politique-monetaire-de-la-bceao-tenue-le-10-juin"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée (TVA) — standard rate","description":"Standard VAT rate under Niger's Code Général des Impôts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2000-06-21","source":{"name":"Code Général des Impôts du Niger, art. 226 (taux normal 19%; taux réduit 5% sucre et huile alimentaire) — consolidated pre-2026 text (full PDF loaded); rate carried into the new CGI enacted by Ordonnance n°2025-22 du 14 juillet 2025 (in force 1 Jan 2026), as amended by Ordonnance n°2025-44 du 31 décembre 2025 (Loi de finances 2026), per DGI","url":"https://niger.eregulations.org/media/code%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%20des%20imp%C3%B4ts.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"In Niger VAT charging becomes compulsory for an individual enterprise once annual turnover (excluding VAT) reaches FCFA 50 million — the entry point of the régime réel simplifié (all companies and professions libérales are VAT-liable from the first franc); non-established suppliers have a nil threshold and must accredit a fiscal representative, and since 1 January 2025 e-commerce/digital platforms (local and foreign) must register and remit 19% VAT on sales made through them and on their commissions.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-12","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2012-06-20","source":{"name":"Art. 328 Code Général des Impôts du Niger (Loi n° 2012-37 du 20 juin 2012 portant Code Général des Impôts), édition officielle de la Direction Générale des Impôts, Ministère de l'Economie et des Finances, République du Niger — « CODE GÉNÉRAL DES IMPÔTS 2025, Mise à jour LF 2025 » (576 pp.), i.e. as amended through Ordonnance n° 2024-59 du 31 décembre 2024 portant loi de finances 2025: « En matière d'impôt sur les bénéfices et de taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, les contribuables relèvent de l'un des quatre régimes ci-après : 1) Le régime réel normal [qui] s'applique de plein droit : a- aux personnes morales constituées sous forme de sociétés ; b- aux entreprises individuelles dont le chiffre d'affaires hors Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée excède 100 millions de francs CFA ; c- aux contribuables exerçant une profession libérale ; … 2) … Le régime réel simplifié s'applique aux entreprises individuelles dont le chiffre d'affaires hors taxe sur la valeur ajoutée est compris entre 50 et 100 millions de francs CFA … 3) Le régime de l'impôt synthétique s'applique, sauf option …, aux entreprises individuelles, dont le chiffre d'affaires tous droits et taxes compris est inférieur à 50 millions de francs CFA » — 'For profits tax and VAT, taxpayers fall under one of the following four regimes: (1) the normal real regime applies as of right to (a) all corporate entities, (b) individual enterprises whose turnover excluding VAT exceeds FCFA 100 million, (c) taxpayers exercising a liberal profession; (2) the simplified real regime applies to individual enterprises whose turnover excluding VAT is between FCFA 50 and 100 million; (3) the synthetic-tax regime applies, barring option, to individual enterprises whose turnover inclusive of all duties and taxes is below FCFA 50 million.' Both réel regimes are within VAT (Art. 254-257: monthly VAT returns; quarterly for réel simplifié); impôt synthétique taxpayers do not charge VAT. Cited to an Internet Archive capture (9 July 2025) of the DGI's own file at impots.gouv.ne, the DGI website having since been withdrawn — see the confidence note.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250709033925/https://impots.gouv.ne/media/telech/LIVRE%201%20ET%202%20ENTIER%20CGI%202025.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti (SMIG)","description":"National interprofessional guaranteed minimum wage for workers governed by the Labour Code and the interprofessional collective agreement.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Décret fixant le taux horaire du SMIG, adopted by the Conseil des ministres of 22 October 2025 (communiqué officiel; decree number not yet published online); effective date 1 January 2026 announced by the SG of the Ministère de la Fonction Publique, du Travail et de l'Emploi on 21 November 2025","url":"https://www.lesahel.org/au-conseil-des-ministres-le-gouvernement-adopte-plusieurs-mesures-dont-la-hausse-du-smig-de-30047-a-42-000-francs-cfa/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays (jours fériés, chômés et payés)","description":"Statutory public holidays in Niger for calendar year 2026.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°97-20 du 20 juin 1997 instituant des fêtes légales, modifiée par l'ordonnance du 22 juillet 2024 (institution du 26 juillet comme fête légale); Islamic dates fixed each year by government communiqué on the Conseil Islamique du Niger moon-sighting","url":"https://www.gouv.ne/index.php/90-autres-actualites/544-niger-la-journee-anniversaire-du-26-juillet-declaree-journee-de-fete-legale-dans-le-pays"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Inflation (IHPC, glissement annuel)","description":"Year-on-year change of Niger's national Harmonised Consumer Price Index (IHPC, base 100 = 2023), published monthly by the Institut National de la Statistique (INS).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"INS Niger — Indice Harmonisé des Prix à la Consommation, National, juillet 2026 (base 100 en 2023), Tableau 1, ligne «Indice global», colonne «Variation en % sur : 1 an»","url":"https://www.stat-niger.org/wp-content/uploads/indices/indice_harmonise_prix_consommation/IHPCB2023_Juillet_2026_VF.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Impôt sur les bénéfices (ISB)","description":"Standard corporate profit tax rate under Niger's Code Général des Impôts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2010-01-01","source":{"name":"Code Général des Impôts du Niger, art. 27 ('Le taux de l'impôt sur les bénéfices est fixé à 30%, sans abattement') — consolidated pre-2026 text (full PDF loaded); rate carried into the new CGI (Ordonnance n°2025-22 du 14 juillet 2025, in force 1 Jan 2026, amended by Ordonnance n°2025-44 du 31 décembre 2025 / LF 2026)","url":"https://niger.eregulations.org/media/code%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%20des%20imp%C3%B4ts.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Niger levies on payments to non-residents - dividends and other securities income under the IRVM, interest on loans and deposits under the IRCM, and royalties and service fees under the ISB retenue a la source on non-residents - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Direction Generale des Impots (DGI).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Ordonnance n° 2024-59 du 31 decembre 2024 portant loi de finances pour l'annee budgetaire 2025 (restating CGI Livre Premier arts. 47-48 ISB retenue and arts. 73-75 IRVM, effective 1 January 2025), read with Code General des Impots 2013 consolide a jour de la LF 2022 (arts. 69-88, IRVM/IRCM), both published by the DGI Niger (impots.gouv.ne) and retrieved via the Wayback Machine; LF 2026 (Ordonnance n° 2025-44 du 31 decembre 2025) obtained direct from finances.gouv.ne and checked for changes","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250709034954/https://impots.gouv.ne/media/loi/ORDONNANCE%20N%202024-59%20LOI%20DE%20FINANCES%202025..pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux de l'intérêt légal)","description":"Niger's legal interest rate, fixed for each calendar year by ministerial arrêté under the UMOA uniform law: 5.3637% for 2026, the same figure applying in all eight UMOA member states because the formula runs off union-wide BCEAO refinancing rates.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"BCEAO, 'Taux d'intérêt légal 2026 des pays de l'UMOA': NIGER — 5,3637%, per 'Arrêté N°000105/ME/F/SG/DGE/R/DMCE du 02 avril 2026 portant publication du taux d'intérêt légal au titre de l'année 2026'. Method (BCEAO): 'Le taux d'intérêt légal est fixé, par arrêté ou décret selon le pays, à l'initiative du Ministre chargé des Finances, pour la durée de l'année civile' and 'Il est pour l'année considérée, égal à la moyenne des taux maximum de refinancement applicables aux concours octroyés par la BCEAO au cours de l'année civile précédente, pondérés par les durées correspondantes'","url":"https://www.bceao.int/sites/default/files/inline-files/Taux%20d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20l%C3%A9gal%202026%20des%20pays%20de%20l%27UMOA.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Impôt sur les traitements et salaires (ITS)","description":"Progressive monthly withholding tax on salaries, wages and life annuities — Niger's personal income tax on employment income.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2010-01-01","source":{"name":"Code Général des Impôts du Niger, art. 66 (barème progressif mensuel de l'ITS, 1% à 35%) — consolidated pre-2026 text (full PDF loaded); schedule confirmed unchanged for 2026 under the new CGI (Ordonnance n°2025-22 du 14 juillet 2025) as corrected by the LF 2026 (Ordonnance n°2025-44 du 31 décembre 2025), per DGI","url":"https://niger.eregulations.org/media/code%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%20des%20imp%C3%B4ts.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Niger (NE): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch of the CNSS regime plus the ANPE employment levy, with the ceiling and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Conference interafricaine de la prevoyance sociale (CIPRES), institutional page for the Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale du Niger (three branches, overall rate of 21,65% split 16,40% employer / 5,25% worker, per-branch allocation of 8,40% / 1,75% / 6,25%, annual ceiling of 6 000 000 FCFA, and the founding legislation); Centre des liaisons europeennes et internationales de securite sociale (CLEISS), \"Les cotisations au Niger\", table stated effective 1 January 2024 (per-branch employer and worker rates, the ANPE 1% line, the 500 000 FCFA monthly ceiling on every line, the SMIG of 42 000 FCFA per month for a 40-hour week, and the voluntary self-employed scheme); Republique du Niger business-procedure portal (niger.eregulations.org), CNSS contribution procedure (category rules for seconded civil servants and for apprentices and trainees, remittance frequency, and the legal citations to Code du travail article 3, loi n° 2003-34 du 5 aout 2003 article 3, and decret n° 2005-64 du 11 mars 2005 articles 5, 31 and 33); loi n° 2003-34 du 5 aout 2003 portant creation de la CNSS; decret n° 2005-64 du 11 mars 2005 portant approbation des statuts de la CNSS.","url":"https://lacipres.org/la-caisse-nationale-de-securite-sociale-cnss-du-niger/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ne/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"NG","name":"Nigeria","currency":"NGN","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBN monetary policy rate","description":"Central Bank of Nigeria Monetary Policy Rate (MPR).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-02-24","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Nigeria — 306th MPC Communiqué (20-21 July 2026), Monetary Policy Decisions","url":"https://www.cbn.gov.ng/MonetaryPolicy/decisions.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/policy-rate"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory late-payment interest","description":"Nigeria fixes no national statutory or late-payment interest rate: post-judgment interest is set court-by-court in procedural rules whose 10% figures flip between floor and ceiling, and pre-judgment interest is contractual or equitable at court discretion.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"High Court of Lagos State (Civil Procedure) Rules 2019, O 39 r 4: the judge 'may order interest at a rate not less than 10% per annum' (a FLOOR); Federal High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules 2019, O 23 r 5: 'may order interest at a rate not exceeding ten per cent per annum' (a CEILING)","url":"https://www.lawyard.org/legal-articles/post-judgment-interests-in-nigeria/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/statutory-interest"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard value-added tax rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2020-02-01","source":{"name":"Nigeria Tax Act 2025 (Act No. 7), Section 148 — Nigeria Revenue Service gazette","url":"https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf"},"vat_bands_available":["zero"],"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT/GST registration becomes compulsory in Nigeria, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Nigeria Tax Administration Act 2025, official gazette PDF (hosted by the Tax Appeal Tribunal; figures re-verified against the January 2026 re-gazetted 'Approved Copy to Print'): s.22(4) 'The provision of subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to a small business'; s.147: \"'Small Business' means a business that earns gross turnover of N100,000,000.00 or less per annum with total fixed assets not more than N250,000,000.00 provided that any business providing professional services shall not be classified as a small business\"","url":"https://tat.gov.ng/Nigeria-Tax-Act-2025.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum wage","description":"National minimum wage per month, per the National Minimum Wage (Amendment) Act 2024.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-07-29","source":{"name":"National Minimum Wage (Amendment) Act, 2024 (assented 29 July 2024; Act as gazetted not yet published online) — operative text per the National Minimum Wage (Amendment) Bill, 2024 as passed by the National Assembly on 23 July 2024 and assented unchanged, s. 3(1): 'Every employer shall pay a national minimum wage of not less than N70,000.00 per month to every worker', hosted by the Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre","url":"https://placng.org/i/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/National-Minimum-Wage-Amendment-Bill-2024.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"National public holidays: fixed statutory dates plus movable religious holidays declared by the Federal Ministry of Interior.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-12","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-08-21","source":{"name":"Federal Ministry of Interior","url":"https://interior.gov.ng/category/public-holiday/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) — CPI and Inflation Report, July 2026, released 15 August 2026 (release-calendar entry \"CPI and Inflation Report July 2026\", start 2026-08-15); homepage All-Items indicator quotes \"CPI 15.43%\" — \"Inflation Rate (Base Period 2024 = 100) (All-Items)\", tooltip \"CPI (July-2026)\".","url":"https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national revenue authority or tax statute.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Nigeria Tax Act 2025 (Act No. 7), companies income tax — Nigeria Revenue Service","url":"https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Nigeria levies at source on payments to non-resident persons - dividends, interest, royalties, service fees, directors' fees and payments to entertainers and sportspersons - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Deducted under the Deduction of Tax at Source (Withholding) Regulations 2024, administered by the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS, now Nigeria Revenue Service).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-12","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Deduction of Tax at Source (Withholding) Regulations 2024, Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette No. 168, Vol. 111 of 2 October 2024 (Government Notice; commencement 1 January 2025), First Schedule «Eligible Transactions and Applicable Rates». Given force from 1 January 2026 by the Nigeria Tax Administration Act 2025 s.51, which requires deduction «at the rate prescribed in regulations relating to deduction of tax at source» and, by s.51(9), preserves those regulations","url":"https://capacityhub.org/Uploads/Workshop2/Deduction%20of%20Tax%20at%20Source%20(Withholding)%20Regulatio.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/withholding-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax rate schedule (annual taxable income bands and marginal rates) for resident individuals, from the national revenue authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Nigeria Tax Act 2025 (Act No. 7), Fourth Schedule — Nigeria Revenue Service","url":"https://www.nrs.gov.ng/uploads/NIGERIA_TAX_ACT_2025_ef6bb812a5.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/income-tax"},{"id":"fx-reference","name":"CBN official exchange rate (NFEM volume-weighted average)","description":"The Central Bank of Nigeria's official naira exchange rate: the volume-weighted average rate of the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market (NFEM) for the trading day. CBN states on its published rates table that the NFEM rate 'is derived at Volume Weighted Average and stands as the official exchange rate for the day'. It is a market-derived average that CBN adopts as official — not an administratively set peg, and not the day's closing rate, which CBN publishes separately as a different number.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-09-14","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Nigeria — NFEM rates, official rate for 2026-09-14","url":"https://www.cbn.gov.ng/rates/exchratebycurrency.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/fx-reference"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory payroll contributions (employee)","description":"Nigeria's mandatory employee-side payroll contributions: pension, National Housing Fund and NHIS.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-30","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Pension Reform Act 2014 s.4(1) (employee 8% of Basic+Housing+Transport), National Housing Fund Act (2.5% of basic), read with Nigeria Tax Act 2025 s.30(2) for deductibility","url":"https://www.pencom.gov.ng/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ng/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"RW","name":"Rwanda","currency":"RWF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"National Bank of Rwanda central bank rate","description":"National Bank of Rwanda (BNR) Central Bank Rate (CBR), set quarterly by the Monetary Policy Committee (Feb/May/Aug/Nov).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-20","source":{"name":"National Bank of Rwanda — 'MPC Press Release - English, May 2026' (21 May 2026), the most recent MPC press release on the NBR press-release listing; CBR 8.25%, corroborated by the NBR homepage headline indicator 'Central Bank Rate 8.25% — May-2026'","url":"https://www.bnr.rw/documents/MPC_Press_Release-_English_version_for_May_2026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard value-added tax rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-09-14","source":{"name":"Law nº 049/2023 establishing VAT, Article 4 (Official Gazette n° Special of 14/09/2023, hosted by Rwanda Revenue Authority)","url":"https://www.rra.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/LAW_ESTABLISHING_VALUE_ADDED_TAX.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Rwanda, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-03-31","source":{"name":"Law nº 020/2023 of 31/03/2023 on tax procedures (Official Gazette nº Special ter of 31/03/2023), Article 11 para. 3: \"Any person who carries out taxable activities whose turnover in the previous fiscal year exceeds twenty million Rwandan Francs (FRW 20,000,000) or five million Rwandan Francs (FRW 5,000,000) in the preceding quarter registers for Value Added Tax within a period not exceeding seven (7) days from the end of the concerned year, or three previous months unless his or her business is exempted from Value Added Tax\" (Kinyarwanda: \"Umuntu ukora ibikorwa bisoreshwa birenze amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) y'ibyacurujwe mu gihe cy'umwaka w'isoreshwa warangiye cyangwa birenze amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) mu gihembwe kirangiye yiyandikisha ku musoro ku nyongeragaciro mu gihe kitarenze iminsi irindwi (7)...\"). Para. 4: a person below the threshold may register voluntarily. The charging statute is Law nº 049/2023 of 05/09/2023 establishing value added tax (gazetted and in force 14 September 2023), which leaves registration to the tax-procedures law.","url":"https://www.rra.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/NEW_TAX_PROCEDURES_LAW_2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Statutory minimum wage (none in force)","description":"Rwanda has no enforceable national statutory minimum wage: Article 68 of Law No. 66/2018 delegates it to a ministerial order that has never been issued.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-09-06","source":{"name":"Law No. 66/2018 Regulating Labour in Rwanda, Article 68 (Official Gazette no. Special of 06/09/2018, Ministry of Justice)","url":"https://www.minijust.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minijust/Publications/Laws/Law_regulating_labour_in_Rwanda.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Official public holidays per Presidential Order n° 54/01 of 24/02/2017, including its Article 4 weekend-substitution rule (weekend holidays move to the next working day, except 7 April).","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Presidential Order n° 54/01 of 24/02/2017 determining official public holidays (RwandaLII consolidated text)","url":"https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/po/2017/54"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"NISR July 2026 CPI page — Rwanda’s Consumer Price Index (CPI), main gauge of inflation increased by 14.5 percent year on year in July 2026 up from 13.6 percent in June 2026.","url":"https://statistics.gov.rw/statistical-publications/price-indices-cpi-ppi/consumer-price-index-cpi-july-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national revenue authority or tax statute.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Rwanda Revenue Authority — Corporate Income Tax (Income Tax Law nº 027/2022, as amended)","url":"https://www.rra.gov.rw/en/taxes-fees/domestic-taxes/income-tax/corporate-income-tax-cit"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Rwanda levies on payments to non-residents - dividends, interest (financial income), royalties and service fees including management and technical fees - under Law no 027/2022 of 20/10/2022 establishing taxes on income, as amended, at domestic statutory rates before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2022-10-28","source":{"name":"Law no 027/2022 of 20/10/2022 establishing taxes on income (Official Gazette 28/10/2022), withholding tax on other payments: a withholding tax of 15% is levied on dividends, financial income (income from loans, debentures and other debt securities), royalties and service fees paid by resident individuals or entities, including to non-residents; reduced to 5% for dividends and interest on securities listed on the capital market where the beneficiary is a resident of Rwanda or of the East African Community, and for interest on treasury bonds with maturity of at least 3 years. Rates cross-checked against PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries - Rwanda (reviewed 18 February 2026): dividends, interest, royalties and management/professional/technical fees all 15%.","url":"https://www.rra.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Income_Tax_law_of_2022.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory late-payment interest","description":"Rwanda's contract law entitles a creditor to interest on an unpaid money obligation from the date performance fell due, but fixes no rate: no statute, ministerial order or central-bank instrument sets a legal interest rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Law n° 45/2011 of 25/11/2011 governing contracts, art. 144 'Granting interests in lieu of damages' / 'Octroi d'intérêts à la place de dommages-intérêts': 'Si la violation du contrat consiste dans le non paiement d'une somme d'argent ou la non-exécution d'une obligation ayant une valeur monétaire déterminée ou déterminable, les intérêts sont calculés à partir de la date à laquelle l'exécution était due, déduction faite de tous les montants auxquels la partie défaillante a droit' — the article fixes the starting date but prescribes no rate","url":"https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minecofin/Publications/LAWS/Other_laws/LAW__NO_45.2011_OF_25.11.2011_GOVERNING__CONTRACTS_IN_RWANDA_.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax rate schedule (income bands and marginal rates) for resident individuals, from the national revenue authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Rwanda Revenue Authority — Personal Income Tax (Income Tax Law nº 027/2022, PIT schedule)","url":"https://www.rra.gov.rw/en/taxes-fees/domestic-taxes/income-tax/personal-income-tax-pit-1"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Rwanda (RW): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch administered by the Rwanda Social Security Board, with the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Presidential Order n° 086/01 of 12/12/2024 determining the contribution rate to the mandatory pension scheme, Official Gazette n° Special of 13/12/2024 (trilingual Kinyarwanda/English/French text, read in full), made under Law n° 05/2015 of 30/03/2015 governing the organization of pension schemes, Article 8; Rwanda Social Security Board, Medical Scheme page (rssb.rw/scheme/medical-scheme) for the 15% rate, the 7.5%/7.5% split, the basic-salary base, the seven-employee private-sector entry condition and the 10th-of-the-month due date; Law n° 003/2016 of 30/03/2016 establishing and governing the maternity leave benefits scheme, with Ministerial Order n° 007/16/10/TC of 28/10/2016; Prime Minister's Order n° 034/01 of 13/01/2020 (CBHI contribution of 0.5% of net salary); Law n° 45/2010 of 14/12/2010 establishing RSSB as modified and completed by Law n° 04/2015 of 11/03/2015.","url":"https://www.rssb.rw/uploads/OG_n_Special_of_13_12_2024_Ingano_y_umusanzu_mu_bwiteganyirize_bwa_pansiyo_butegetswe_910c736b90.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/rw/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"SN","name":"Senegal","currency":"XOF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"BCEAO main policy rate (taux minimum de soumission aux appels d'offres)","description":"Principal taux directeur of the BCEAO — the minimum bid rate on open-market liquidity-injection tenders. Set by the BCEAO Monetary Policy Committee (Comité de Politique Monétaire) for the whole WAEMU/UEMOA union; Senegal does not have an independent policy rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-22","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-16","source":{"name":"BCEAO — Avis d'appel d'offres hebdomadaire d'injection de liquidité (\"taux minimum de soumission ... fixé à 3,0000%, principal taux directeur de la BCEAO\"); décision du Comité de Politique Monétaire du 4 mars 2026","url":"https://www.bceao.int/fr/appels-offres/avis-dappel-doffres-hebdomadaire-dinjection-de-liquidite-ndeg23h2026-06m2026-et"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate (TVA)","description":"Standard value-added tax rate (Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée), administered by the Direction Générale des Impôts et des Domaines (DGID) under the Code Général des Impôts, Livre II.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2013-01-01","source":{"name":"Direction Générale des Impôts et des Domaines (DGID) — Fiscalité / Code Général des Impôts (Loi n° 2012-31 du 31 décembre 2012), Livre II (TVA)","url":"https://www.dgid.sn/fiscalite/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"Senegal has no VAT registration threshold as such; the FCFA 50,000,000 figure recorded here is the ceiling of the Contribution globale unique (CGU), the synthetic regime whose members (natural persons only) stand outside VAT, making it the de-facto boundary below which a small sole trader does not charge VAT.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Code général des impôts (Loi n° 2012-31 du 31 décembre 2012, as amended; DGID 'CGI annoté', January 2023 consolidation), art. 135: 'Sont assujetties à la contribution globale unique, les personnes physiques dont le chiffre d'affaires annuel, tous droits et taxes compris, n'excède pas cinquante (50) millions de francs lorsqu'elles effectuent des opérations de livraison de biens ou des opérations de prestation de services' — 'Natural persons whose annual turnover, all duties and taxes included, does not exceed fifty (50) million francs are subject to the contribution globale unique, whether they carry out supplies of goods or supplies of services'. Art. 134 lists the taxes the CGU replaces, including 'taxe sur la valeur ajoutée'. VAT itself has no threshold: art. 352 ('Sont soumises à la TVA, les livraisons de biens et les prestations de services effectuées à titre onéreux par un assujetti en tant que tel, ainsi que les importations' — supplies of goods and services for consideration by a taxable person acting as such, and imports, are subject to VAT) and art. 354 ('Est assujettie à la TVA toute personne qui exerce de manière indépendante et quel qu'en soit le lieu, une activité économique' — any person independently carrying on an economic activity, wherever located, is a taxable person) contain no turnover test.","url":"https://kof-experts.sn/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/CGI-annote-Janvier-2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (SMIG / SMAG)","description":"Guaranteed minimum wage set by decree: SMIG (Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti, non-agricultural) and SMAG (Salaire Minimum Agricole Garanti), both quoted per hour in FCFA for the 40-hour statutory work week. Value below is the SMIG hourly rate; the SMAG is in notes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-05","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-07-01","source":{"name":"Décret n° 2023-1710 du 7 août 2023 fixant le SMIG et le SMAG (Ministère du Travail, du Dialogue Social et des Relations avec les Institutions); accord État–syndicats du 9 juin 2023","url":"https://sunuker.net/senegal-societe-economie-voici-le-nouveau-decret-fixant-le-smig-et-le-smag/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"National public holidays (jours fériés, chômés et payés): fixed civil/Christian dates plus movable Islamic holidays whose exact dates are announced each year by the CONACOC (Commission Nationale de Concertation sur le Croissant Lunaire) / Ministère de l'Intérieur.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 74-52 du 4 novembre 1974 relative à la fête nationale et aux fêtes légales — texte promulgué (scan officiel, Direction des relations avec les institutions): art. 1er fixes 4 April as the fête nationale, art. 2 lists the fêtes légales; Tamkharit and the Grand Magal de Touba added by Loi 2013-06 du 11 décembre 2013","url":"https://www.dri.gouv.sn/sites/default/files/an-documents/LOI%20N1974%2052%20DU%204%20NOVEMBRE%201974.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Official ANSD IHPC Juillet 2026 PDF (base 100 en 2023) — En juillet 2026, les prix à la consommation augmentent de 0,3% en glissement annuel.","url":"https://www.ansd.sn/sites/default/files/2026-08/IHPC_base2023_Juillet-26.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national tax authority or Code Général des Impôts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2013-01-01","source":{"name":"Direction Générale des Impôts et des Domaines (DGID) — Impôt sur les Sociétés (IS), Code Général des Impôts (Loi n° 2012-31 du 31 décembre 2012)","url":"https://www.dgid.sn/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/IS-FLYERS.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Senegal levies at source on payments to non-residents - the retenue on revenus de valeurs mobilieres (dividends), the retenue on revenus de creances, depots et cautionnements (interest), and the retenue a la source of CGI article 202 on services, royalties and performers' fees paid to persons without a permanent professional installation in Senegal - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax convention relief. Imposed by the Code general des impots (loi n.2012-31 du 31 decembre 2012, as amended), administered by the Direction generale des Impots et des Domaines (DGID).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-05-27","source":{"name":"Senegal, Code general des impots (annotated consolidation, January 2023): art. 173(2) (loi n.2022-19 du 27 mai 2022) - '10%, pour les produits des actions, parts sociales et parts d'interets des societes passibles de l'impot sur les societes; 13%, pour les revenus d'obligations... 16%, pour les autres revenus de capitaux mobiliers... revenus des creances, depots et cautionnements. Ce taux est ramene a 8% pour les interets... des comptes de depots et des comptes courants... d'une banque...'; art. 202(3) - 'Le taux de la retenue, est fixe a 25% du montant net des sommes imposables versees... Ce montant net est determine en appliquant aux encaissements bruts une deduction de 20%.'","url":"https://kof-experts.sn/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/CGI-annote-Janvier-2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux de l'intérêt légal)","description":"Senegal's legal interest rate under loi n°2021-20, fixed for each calendar year by ministerial arrêté: 5.3637% for 2026, applying 'en toute matière' — civil and commercial alike — and increased by half two months after an enforceable judgment.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°2021-20 du 21 janvier 2021 relative au taux de l'intérêt légal, art. 2: 'Le taux de l'intérêt légal, est en toute matière, fixé par arrêté à l'initiative du Ministre chargé des Finances, pour la durée de l'année civile. Il est, pour l'année considérée, égal à la moyenne des taux maxima de refinancement applicables aux concours octroyés par la BCEAO au cours de l'année civile précédente, pondérés par les durées correspondantes'; art. premier: the intérêts légaux are 'l'indemnité due au créancier, à titre de dommages et intérêts moratoires, par le débiteur d'un engagement qui s'acquitte avec retard'. Rate for 2026 fixed by 'Arrêté N°003889/MFB/DGSF/DMC/Der/an du 19 février 2026 fixant le taux d'intérêt légal pour l'année 2026' at 5,3637% (BCEAO, 'Taux d'intérêt légal 2026 des pays de l'UMOA')","url":"https://dgsfc.gouv.sn/sites/default/files/2021-10/loi%20n%C2%B0%202021-20%20du%2021%20janvier%202021%20relative%20au%20taux%20de%20l%27int%C3%A9tr%C3%AA%20(1)%20(1)%20(1).pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax scale (Impôt sur le revenu) — income bands and marginal rates for resident individuals, from the tax authority / Code Général des Impôts.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-05-27","source":{"name":"Direction Générale des Impôts et des Domaines (DGID) — barème de l'impôt sur le revenu, Code Général des Impôts (Loi n° 2012-31) tel que modifié par la Loi n° 2022-19 du 27 mai 2022, Article 173 (barème) et Article 174 (parts / réduction et plafond 43%)","url":"https://www.dgid.sn/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/IR-FLYERS.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Senegal (SN): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, split across the THREE separate institutions that levy them - the Caisse de Securite Sociale, the Institution de Prevoyance Retraite du Senegal, and the employer's Institution de Prevoyance Maladie - with the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Conference interafricaine de la prevoyance sociale (CIPRES), institutional page for the Caisse de Securite Sociale du Senegal (CSS branches, rates, 63 000 FCFA ceiling, statutes); Republique du Senegal business-procedure portal (senegal.eregulations.org), procedures \"Payer ses cotisations d'employeur a la Caisse de securite sociale\" and \"Faire un versement des cotisations sociales a l'IPRES\" (rates, assiette, ceiling, floor equal to the SMIG, and the legal citations to the Code de la securite sociale articles 1 and 132-139 and to loi n° 75-30 du 3 avril 1975 articles 27-28); loi n° 73-37 du 31 juillet 1973 portant Code de la securite sociale (Vie Publique Senegal document record); loi n° 91-33 du 26 juin 1991 on the CSS's status; Centre des liaisons europeennes et internationales de securite sociale (CLEISS), \"Les cotisations au Senegal\", table stated effective 1 January 2026 (current IPRES ceilings of 432 000 and 1 296 000 FCFA, the IPM band and its 250 000 FCFA ceiling, and the SMIG basis of 371 FCFA/hour for a 40-hour week since 1 July 2023).","url":"https://www.cleiss.fr/docs/cotisations/senegal.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sn/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"SZ","name":"Eswatini","currency":"SZL","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Central Bank of Eswatini discount rate","description":"The discount rate — Eswatini's policy rate, the rate at which the Central Bank of Eswatini lends to commercial banks — decided by the Bank together with the Monetary Policy Consultative Committee (MPCC), which meets roughly every two months (six scheduled meetings a year). This is Eswatini's OWN rate, set in Mbabane, not the South African Reserve Bank's repo rate; but the Lilangeni is pegged one-for-one to the South African Rand under the Common Monetary Area, and CBE statements say in terms that the chosen level 'supports domestic economic performance and the Lilangeni parity to the South African Rand'.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-19","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-05-30","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Eswatini — Monetary Policy Statement dated 30 May 2025 (MPCC meeting of 30 May 2025), signed by Governor Dr Phil Mnisi: 'the Bank decided to cut the discount rate from 7.0 per cent to 6.75 per cent'; front panel: 'The Central Bank of Eswatini (CBE) reduced the interest rate from 7.0 per cent to 6.75 per cent'","url":"https://www.centralbank.org.sz/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/MPCC-Statement-30-May-2025.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Value added tax standard rate. VAT is charged under section 3 of the Value Added Tax Act, 2011 (Act No. 12 of 2011) on every taxable supply in Eswatini by a taxable person and on every import of goods or services other than an exempt import, and is administered by the Eswatini Revenue Service (ERS). The rate itself is not fixed in the Act — section 24(3) provides that 'the rate of tax shall be as specified in the VAT Regulations'.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-08-01","source":{"name":"Eswatini Revenue Service — 'Eswatini VAT' (official ERS taxpayer page): 'VAT is an indirect tax that is levied on the consumption of goods and services in Eswatini, and is also levied on the importation of goods and services into Eswatini. It was introduced on 1 April 2012 to replace Sales Tax ... it is levied on most goods and services at the rate of 15%. The legal basis is the VAT Act 2011 supplemented by VAT Regulations'","url":"https://www.ers.org.sz/VAT/Eswatini"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Eswatini, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2024-04-01","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Act, 2011 (Act 12 of 2011), s.6(1): a person shall apply to be registered '(a) within twenty days of the end of any period of three calendar months if during that period the person made taxable supplies, the value of which, exclusive of any tax, exceeded one-quarter of the annual registration threshold determined in terms of subsection (2); or, (b) at the beginning of any period of three calendar months where there are reasonable grounds to expect that the total taxable value... during that period will exceed one-quarter of the annual registration threshold'; s.6(2): 'The Minister shall by notice published in the Gazette determine the annual registration threshold'. Current annual threshold E900,000 per the Eswatini Revenue Service: 'VAT registration is compulsory for businesses whose annual taxable turnover exceeds E900 000'; raised from E500,000 by the 2024/25 budget measures ('Reviewing the VAT threshold from E500,000 to E900,000' — Eswatini National Budget 2024/25 at a Glance, parliament.gov.sz), effective 1 April 2024.","url":"https://www.ers.org.sz/Registration"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Sectoral minimum wages (Regulation of Wages Orders)","description":"Eswatini has NO single national minimum wage. Minimum wages are set industry by industry by Regulation of Wages Orders, made by the Minister for Labour and Social Security by legal notice under section 11 of the Wages Act, 1964 (Act No. 16 of 1964) on the recommendation of the Wages Council appointed for that industry under section 6. Each Order prescribes a First Schedule of 'basic minimum wage' rates by occupation, on its own basis (per hour, per day, per shift, per week or per month), and each revokes the previous year's Order for the same industry.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-12-06","source":{"name":"Eswatini Government Gazette Vol. LXII No. 93B, Mbabane, Friday 6 December 2024, Part C — Legal Notices Nos. 171-181 of 2024, being eleven Regulation of Wages Orders, 2024 made under section 11 of the Wages Act, 1964 (Act No. 16 of 1964) by the Acting Minister for Labour and Social Security; each Order provides 'This Order shall come into force on the date of publication in the gazette'","url":"https://gov.sz/images/LABOUR/REGULATIONS%20OF%20WAGES%20ORDERS%202024%20%20Gazete.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Public holidays for calendar year 2026. The days are those named in the Schedule to the Public Holidays Act, 1938 (Act No. 71 of 1938), which the Minister for Home Affairs may amend by notice in the Gazette under section 3; section 4 makes this Act the reference for every other Eswatini law that speaks of a public holiday.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-30","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Public Holidays Act, 1938 (Act No. 71 of 1938), commenced 23 December 1938, consolidated text at 1 December 1998 — section 2 ('The days named in the Schedule shall be public holidays: Provided that if — (a) any such day falls on a Sunday the following Monday shall be observed as a public holiday; and (b) Boxing Day falls on a Monday the following Tuesday shall be observed as a public holiday'), section 3 (Minister for Home Affairs may amend the Schedule by notice in the Gazette) and the Schedule; read with the Ministry of Home Affairs announcement of 10 April 2026 declaring Friday 24 April 2026 a public holiday","url":"https://eswatinilii.org/akn/sz/act/1938/71/eng@1998-12-01"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline annual inflation — the year-on-year percentage change in the all-items Consumer Price Index compiled monthly by the Central Statistical Office (CSO) in the Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, and released on the 15th of the following month. Index reference period June 2020 = 100; weights from the 2016/17 Household Income and Expenditure Survey; COICOP classification; geometric Lowe upper-level index.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"Official CSO May 2026 CPI report (release 15 Jun 2026) — The headline inflation rate in May 2026 (i.e. the annual percentage change in the CPI in May 2026 compared with that of May 2025) for the country is 2.7%.","url":"https://www.gov.sz/images/planningministry/ESWATINI%20INFLATION%20REPORT_MAY%202026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Company income tax rate","description":"The rate of normal tax on the taxable income of a company, prescribed by Part I paragraph 1(a) of the Third Schedule to the Income Tax Order, 1975 (for the purposes of section 6(3) of the Order) and collected by the Eswatini Revenue Service. The year of assessment runs 1 July to 30 June unless the Commissioner General approves a different year-end.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-07-01","source":{"name":"The Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2023 (Act No. 20 of 2023), assented by King Mswati III on 14 July 2023, section 39 — which deletes the Third Schedule to the Income Tax Order, 1975 in its entirety and substitutes a new 'THIRD SCHEDULE — RATES OF NORMAL TAX', Part I paragraph 1(a): 'in the case of a company, for each Lilangeni of taxable income, twenty-five per cent'","url":"https://www.ers.org.sz:8000/documents/IncomeTaxAmendmentAct2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"Domestic statutory withholding tax rates on payments to non-residents under the Eswatini Income Tax Order, 1975 (King's Order-in-Council 21 of 1975), as amended most recently by the Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2023 (Act No. 20 of 2023, assented 14 July 2023). Administered by the Eswatini Revenue Service (ERS). Covers dividends (non-resident shareholders tax, s 21-26), interest (non-residents tax on interest, s 27-32), entertainers and sportsmen (s 32A), royalties and management charges (s 32B), repatriated branch income (s 32E), payments to non-resident construction contractors (s 59) and payments under Eswatini-source services contracts to non-residents (s 59A).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-07-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Order, 1975 (consolidated text, WIPO Lex: s 21(2) 'The rate of the tax shall be fifteen per centum of the amount of any dividend', s 27 'ten per centum' [interest, pre-amendment], s 32A 'fifteen per cent', s 32B 'fifteen per cent of the gross amount of any royalty and fifteen per cent of the gross amount of any management charge', s 59(3) 'fifteen per cent', s 59A(2) 'fifteen per cent'); Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2023 (Act No. 20 of 2023, official PDF hosted by ERS: s 10 'Section 21 of the Order is amended in subsection 2 by deleting the proviso to subsection (2)' [removes 12.5% neighbouring-country dividend tier]; s 11 'Section 27 of the Order is amended after paragraph (c) by deleting the word \"ten\" between \"to\" and \"per\" and replacing it with \"fifteen\"' [interest 10% to 15%])","url":"https://www.ers.org.sz:8000/documents/IncomeTaxAmendmentAct2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory late-payment interest","description":"Eswatini has no prescribed rate of interest statute: interest on an overdue money debt is claimed as mora interest at common law, and the courts work with a conventional 9% per annum where no rate was agreed.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"High Court of Eswatini, MHP Geomatics Swaziland (Pty) Ltd t/a Swaziland Surveys v Umbane (Pty) Limited (4236 of 2007) [2009] SZHC 186, paras [1]-[2]: the plaintiff claimed 'mora interest at 2% per month, compounded monthly'; 'At the onset of the hearing, Mr. Jele correctly conceded that an effective interest rate of 24% per year, compounded monthly, is excessive. He asked from the bar that the prayer for mora interest be amended to the effect that it shall be 9% per annum ... the amendment was granted'","url":"https://eswatinilii.org/akn/sz/judgment/szhc/2009/186/eng@2009-08-10"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax bands","description":"Rates of normal tax on the taxable income of a person other than a company or trust, Part II of the Third Schedule to the Income Tax Order, 1975 (as substituted by section 39 of the Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2023). Annual Emalangeni amounts, marginal rates, before rebates. The individual year of assessment runs 1 July to 30 June; employment income is collected through PAYE, remitted by the employer by the 7th of the following month, and operates as a final tax under the Final Deduction System.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2013-07-01","source":{"name":"The Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2023 (Act No. 20 of 2023), section 39 — new Third Schedule, Part II ('Rates of income tax in the case of persons other than companies or trusts shall be calculated in accordance with the table below') and Part I paragraph 1(b) (rebate of an amount not exceeding E8,200 in any year of assessment, and an additional amount not exceeding E2,700 if the person is over the age of sixty on the last day of the year of assessment); the same four bands and both rebates are published by the Eswatini Revenue Service at https://www.ers.org.sz/IncomeTax/RatesandThres","url":"https://www.ers.org.sz:8000/documents/IncomeTaxAmendmentAct2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Eswatini (SZ): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, with the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Eswatini National Provident Fund public notice \"Maximum Statutory Contribution Increase\" (enpf.co.sz), which reproduces Legal Notice No. 5 of 2025 — the Eswatini National Provident Fund (Statutory Contributions) Regulations, 2025 — in full, including the five-year wages-level schedule; ENPF \"Employers\" page (enpf.co.sz/employers), for the 10% rate and its 5%/5% split, the eligibility rule confined to Swazi citizens, the exempt categories, the Registration of Contributing Employers' Order 1975 and the prohibition on recovering arrears from current wages; Swaziland National Provident Fund Order, 1974, ss14 and 15 (the enabling powers recited in Legal Notice No. 5 of 2025); Workmen's Compensation Act, 1983.","url":"https://enpf.co.sz/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/sz/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"TD","name":"Chad","currency":"XAF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy interest rate (BEAC TIAO)","description":"Union-wide policy rate of the Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (taux d'interet des appels d'offres), applicable to Chad as a CEMAC member. Chad has no national policy rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-29","source":{"name":"BEAC, Décision N° 01/CPM/2026 du 29 juin 2026 portant fixation des taux directeurs de la BEAC (Comité de Politique Monétaire, 2e session ordinaire, Yaoundé, 29 juin 2026, signée Yvon Sana Bangui) — TIAO 4,50%","url":"https://www.beac.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/D%C3%A9cision-N%C2%B001-CPM.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value added tax (TVA) standard rate","description":"Standard rate of the taxe sur la valeur ajoutee applicable to all taxable operations in Chad.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°031/PT/2023 du 29 decembre 2023 portant Loi de Finances pour l'exercice 2024, article 26, replacing article 238 of the Code General des Impots (Article 238 nouveau, I, 1°)","url":"https://www.cabri-sbo.org/uploads/bia/Chad_2024_Approval_External_EnactedBudget_MinistryOfFinanceAndBudget_ECCASCEN-SAD_French_833643.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Chad, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Code Général des Impôts 2025 (Ministère des Finances et du Budget, République du Tchad), art. 229 (tagged 'art 17 LFI 2018' in the official consolidation): 'I. Sont imposables et éligibles de plein droit à la TVA selon le régime du réel, les personnes physiques ou morales qui réalisent un chiffre d'affaires annuel supérieur ou égal 500 millions de FCFA hors TVA. II. Sont imposables et éligibles de plein droit à la TVA selon le régime simplifié d'imposition (RSI) les personnes physiques ou morales qui réalisent un chiffre d'affaires annuel supérieur ou égale à 100 millions de FCFA hors TVA et inférieur à 500 millions de FCFA. ... IV. Sont imposables de plein droit selon le régime simplifié d'imposition les personnes physiques ou morales qui réalisent un chiffre d'affaires annuel supérieur ou égale à 50 millions de FCFA hors TVA et inférieur à 100 millions de FCFA hors TVA.' (I. Liable and eligible for VAT as of right under the régime du réel: persons with annual turnover excluding VAT equal to or above XAF 500 million. II. Liable and eligible for VAT as of right under the simplified regime (RSI): annual turnover ex-VAT equal to or above XAF 100 million and below XAF 500 million. IV. Subject as of right to the simplified regime: annual turnover ex-VAT equal to or above XAF 50 million and below XAF 100 million.) Confirmed by art. 58-II (income-tax régimes, tagged 'art 10 FI 2018'): 'Sont soumises également au RSI les personnes physiques ou morales qui réalisent un chiffre d'affaires annuel hors taxes supérieur ou égale à 50 millions de FCFA et inférieur à 100 millions de FCFA. Ces contribuables peuvent également facturer, collecter et déduire la TVA.' (Persons with annual turnover ex-tax of XAF 50m-100m are also under the RSI; these taxpayers may likewise invoice, collect and deduct VAT.) Régime boundaries set by the Loi de Finances initiale 2018 per the amendment tags; edition consolidates through LFI 2025.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20251006114027if_/http://finances.gouv.td/index.php/le-ministere/le-ministre/item/download/438_afa372566d4acca63cb857e846d67eef"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Guaranteed interprofessional minimum wage (SMIG)","description":"Statutory national minimum wage for workers in non-agricultural occupations, set as an hourly rate with a monthly floor.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2011-01-21","source":{"name":"Decret n°11-055/PR/PM/MFPT du 21 janvier 2011 portant relevement du Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti (SMIG) et du Salaire Minimum Agricole Garanti (SMAG), articles 1 and 2","url":"https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/97322/TCD-97322.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Statutory public holidays (jours feries et chomes / feries, chomes et payes) for calendar year 2026, with the Sunday substitution rule applied.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Decret n°97-413/PR/MFPT du 30 septembre 1997 portant revision de la liste et du regime des jours feries et chomes (articles 1-2), taken under Loi n°038/PR/96 du 11 decembre 1996 portant Code du Travail; as amended by Decret n°273 du 7 mars 2019 adding 8 March","url":"https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/97323/TCD-97323.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (INHPC, year-on-year)","description":"Year-on-year change in the national harmonised consumer price index (Indice National Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation), base 2022 = 100, published monthly by INSEED.","free":false,"stale":true,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"INSEED Tchad, Bulletin mensuel de l'Indice National Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation (INHPC), TCHAD - MAI 2026, Tableau 1 (published 2 July 2026)","url":"https://inseed.ssn-tchad.td/api/uploads/publications/publication-1783020002442-576551415.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (Impot sur les Societes)","description":"Standard statutory rate of the impot sur les societes on the taxable profit of companies and other legal persons.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°031/PT/2023 du 29 decembre 2023 portant Loi de Finances pour l'exercice 2024, article 3, replacing article 143 of the Code General des Impots (Article 143 nouveau, II)","url":"https://www.cabri-sbo.org/uploads/bia/Chad_2024_Approval_External_EnactedBudget_MinistryOfFinanceAndBudget_ECCASCEN-SAD_French_833643.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Chad levies on payments to non-residents - dividends, interest, royalties and remuneration for services - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Levied under the Code general des impots (CGI, loi 12/PR/2016 as amended by successive lois de finances), administered by the Direction Generale des Impots (DGI).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n 008/AN/SENAT/2025 du 26 decembre 2025 portant Loi de finances pour l'exercice 2026 (arts. 9-14 amending CGI arts. 77, 82, 84, 90, 118, in force 1 January 2026), read in full from the official government copy hosted by the Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur; and Loi n 031/PT/2023 du 29 decembre 2023 portant Loi de finances pour 2024 (arts. 8-9 and 28-31 amending CGI arts. 857, 858, 116, 118, 123, in force 1 January 2024), read in full from the enacted text mirrored by CABRI","url":"https://mesrsfp.gouv.td/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/LOI-N%C2%B0008-AN-SENAT2025-Portant-Loi-Finances-pour-lexercice-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux d'intérêt légal)","description":"Chad publishes no legal interest rate. The Civil Code applicable in Chad awards moratory damages at 'les intérêts fixés par la loi' and states that 'l'intérêt légal est fixé par la loi', but no Chadian statute fixing that figure is published, and neither CEMAC nor the BEAC sets one for the zone.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Code civil français de 1958 rendu applicable au Tchad (par l'Acte législatif n°1 portant constitution du 31 mars 1959 et la Loi constitutionnelle n°2/62 du 16 avril 1962), art. 1153: 'Dans les obligations qui se bornent au payement d'une certaine somme, les dommages et intérêts résultant du retard dans l'exécution ne consistent jamais que dans la condamnation aux intérêts fixés par la loi ; sauf les règles particulières au commerce et au cautionnement... Ils ne sont dus que du jour de la demande, excepté dans les cas où la loi les fait courir de plein droit'; art. 1907: 'L'intérêt est légal ou conventionnel. L'intérêt légal est fixé par la loi'","url":"https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cha228008.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (IRPP) - work income schedule","description":"Progressive scale of the impot sur le revenu des personnes physiques applied to Revenus du Travail (employment, business, agricultural and non-commercial income), on annual net taxable income per taxpayer.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Code General des Impots du Tchad, article 1-IV (bareme progressif sur les Revenus du Travail), as introduced by Loi n°021/PR/2017 (Loi de Finances 2018) and confirmed in force by Loi n°037/PR/2018 du 31 decembre 2018 portant Budget General de l'Etat pour 2019, articles 2 and 8 (CGI art. 96 nouveau)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2023id_/https://www.droit-afrique.com/uploads/Tchad-LF-2019.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Chad (TD): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch of the CNPS regime, with the ceiling and the decret fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2009-12-04","source":{"name":"Conference interafricaine de la prevoyance sociale (CIPRES), institutional page for the Caisse Nationale de Prevoyance Sociale du Tchad, which states the three branches and quotes each branch rate against its own decret: prestations familiales et maternite \"7,5% exclusivement a la charge de l'employeur\" (decret n° 1635/PR/PM/MFPT/09 du 4 decembre 2009); accidents du travail et maladies professionnelles \"4% exclusivement a la charge de l'employeur\" (decret n° 1634/PR/PM/MFPT/09 du 4 decembre 2009); pensions de vieillesse, d'invalidite et de deces \"8,5% dont 5% a la charge de l'employeur et 3,5% a la charge du salarie\" (decret n° 1636/PR/PM/MFPT/09 du 4 decembre 2009); and the plafond of 500 000 francs CFA (decret n° 1137/PR/PM/MFPT/SG/DTSS/07 du 28 decembre 2007). Framework instruments as cited on the same page: loi n° 7/66 du 4 mars 1966 portant Code du travail et de la prevoyance sociale; decret n° 51/PR/MTJS/DTMOPS du 9 mars 1970 portant organisation de la CNPS; decret n° 99/P-CSM/78 du 26 avril 1978 on the pension scheme; decret n° 1250/PR/PM/MFPT/2011 on family allowance amounts in the private sector. Corroborated by the CNPS Tchad's own \"Guide de l'employeur\", which states an overall contribution rate of 20% split 7,5% PFM, 4% AT/MP and 8,5% PVID, and the same 500 000 FCFA ceiling.","url":"https://lacipres.org/la-caisse-nationale-de-prevoyance-sociale-cnps-du-tchad/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/td/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"TG","name":"Togo","currency":"XOF","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy Rate (BCEAO taux minimum de soumission)","description":"Minimum bid rate on BCEAO weekly liquidity-injection (open-market) tenders, the principal policy rate for the eight-member WAEMU/UMOA monetary union of which Togo is a member. Set by the BCEAO Comite de Politique Monetaire in Dakar, not by any Togolese national authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-16","source":{"name":"BCEAO, Communique de presse de la reunion ordinaire du Comite de Politique Monetaire tenue le 10 juin 2026 - rates maintained; principal policy rate 3.00% in effect since 16 March 2026 (CPM decision of 4 March 2026)","url":"https://www.bceao.int/fr/communique-presse/reunion-ordinaire-du-comite-de-politique-monetaire-de-la-bceao-tenue-le-10-juin"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value Added Tax (Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutee - TVA)","description":"Standard rate of Togolese VAT, a single-rate tax applying to all activities and products not expressly exempted.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2019-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°2018-024 du 21 decembre 2018 portant Code General des Impots, Article 195 - as reproduced in the OTR consolidated 'Code General des Impots & Livre des Procedures Fiscales mis a jour 2025' (Office Togolais des Recettes, published 18 September 2025)","url":"https://www.otr.tg/index.php/fr/impots/reglementations-fiscales/code-general-des-impots/600-code-general-des-impots-livre-des-procedures-fiscales-mis-a-jour-2025/file.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"VAT charging/registration becomes compulsory in Togo above FCFA 100,000,000 turnover (one unified figure for goods and services, assessed tax-exclusive on the current year, with liability from the first day of the month the limit is crossed); non-established suppliers face a nil threshold and must accredit a Togo-domiciled representant fiscal (failing which the Togolese customer owes the VAT), and since LF 2023 VAT on foreign electronic/e-commerce services used in Togo is collected and remitted by the enabling platform/intermediary.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Art. 177 CGI (Loi n° 2018-024 du 20 novembre 2018 portant Code Général des Impôts), as amended by Loi n° 2024-007 du 30 décembre 2024 portant loi de finances, exercice 2025 (Journal Officiel de la République Togolaise, 30 décembre 2024): « Sont assujetties à la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, les personnes physiques ou morales qui effectuent d'une manière indépendante à titre habituel ou occasionnel, une ou plusieurs opérations soumises à la taxe […] lorsqu'elles réalisent un chiffre d'affaires supérieur à cent millions (100 000 000) de francs CFA » [\"Are subject to VAT the natural or legal persons who independently carry out, habitually or occasionally, one or more taxable operations […] when they realise a turnover exceeding one hundred million (100,000,000) CFA francs\"]. Confirmed in the OTR consolidated CGI & LPF mis à jour 2025 and OTR Circulaire n° 001/2025/OTR/CG/CI of 20 December 2024.","url":"https://togotrade.gouv.tg/media/LOIS%20DE%20FIANCE%20REC%20E%202024%20%20ET%20LOI%20DE%20FINANCE%202025.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum Wage (SMIG - Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel Garanti)","description":"National guaranteed interprofessional minimum wage, applying uniformly across the whole territory and all branches of economic activity.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-12","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Arrete n°3790/MFPTDS/DGT du 31 decembre 2022 portant revision des salaires minimums garantis (Ministere de la Fonction Publique, du Travail et du Dialogue Social), signed by Minister Gilbert B. Bawara - reported by the Government of Togo","url":"https://finances.gouv.tg/le-smug-passe-de-35-a-plus-de-52500f-cfa/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public Holidays","description":"Days declared ferie, chome et paye (public, non-working, paid) in Togo for calendar year 2026, for both public and private sectors.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Ordonnance n°79-10 reglementant le regime des fetes legales (statutory list of 13 jours feries), read with Loi n°2021-012 du 18 juin 2021 portant Code du travail arts. 200-202 (paid-holiday regime), and the per-holiday communiques of the Ministere de la Fonction Publique, du Travail et du Dialogue Social confirming the 2026 movable and ad hoc dates","url":"https://fonctionpublique.gouv.tg/lundi-27-avril-2026-jour-ferie-chome-et-paye/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Inflation (IHPC - Indice Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation)","description":"Year-on-year (glissement annuel) change in Togo's national Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, produced monthly by INSEED on the UEMOA-harmonised methodology.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"INSEED (Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques et Demographiques), 'Indice Harmonise des Prix a la Consommation (IHPC) pour les pays membres de l'UEMOA - Togo, Juillet 2026', Tableau 1, ligne INDICE GLOBAL, colonne «Variation en % sur 12 mois», Ministere de la Planification du Developpement, Presidence du Conseil","url":"https://inseed.tg/download/7963/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate Income Tax (Impot sur les Societes - IS)","description":"Standard rate of Togolese corporate income tax on taxable profit.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2019-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°2018-024 du 21 decembre 2018 portant Code General des Impots, Article 113 - as reproduced in the OTR consolidated 'Code General des Impots & Livre des Procedures Fiscales mis a jour 2025' (Office Togolais des Recettes, 18 September 2025)","url":"https://www.otr.tg/index.php/fr/impots/reglementations-fiscales/code-general-des-impots/600-code-general-des-impots-livre-des-procedures-fiscales-mis-a-jour-2025/file.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Togo levies on payments to non-residents - the IRCM retenue on dividends and other distributions (Art. 79 CGI), the IRCM retenue on interest and other fixed-income products (Art. 80 CGI), and the 20% retenue a la source on royalties and service fees paid to persons without a permanent professional installation in Togo (Art. 98 LPF) - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Office Togolais des Recettes (OTR).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2019-01-01","source":{"name":"Office Togolais des Recettes - Code General des Impots & Livre des Procedures Fiscales mis a jour 2025 (consolidating Loi No 2018-24 portant CGI and Loi No 2018-25 portant LPF as amended through the Loi de finances 2025). Art. 79 CGI: 'Pour les produits de placements a revenus variables, les taux de la retenue sont fixes comme suit : Personne morale : 13% du montant des revenus distribues ; 7% du montant des dividendes distribues par les societes cotees sur une bourse des valeurs agreees par le [CREPMF] au sein de l'[UEMOA]'. Art. 80 CGI: 'Pour les produits de placements a revenus fixes les taux de la retenue sont fixes comme suit : Personne morale ... 6% pour les autres revenus. Personne physique : 13% liberatoire de l'impot sur le revenu'. Art. 98 LPF: 'Le taux de la retenue est fixe a 20 % des sommes et produits bruts'.","url":"https://www.otr.tg/index.php/fr/impots/reglementations-fiscales/code-general-des-impots/600-code-general-des-impots-livre-des-procedures-fiscales-mis-a-jour-2025.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory interest (taux de l'intérêt légal)","description":"Togo's legal interest rate, fixed for each calendar year by décret in Council of Ministers under loi uniforme n°2014-021: 5.3637% for 2026, the same figure applying in all eight UMOA member states because the formula runs off union-wide BCEAO refinancing rates.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Togo, Ministère des Finances et du Budget, on the décret adopted in Conseil des ministres of 2 February 2026 fixing the rate for calendar year 2026: 'Pour l'année civile 2026, ce taux est de 5,3637%, tel qu'arrêté par la Banque centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)', taken under article 2 of 'la loi uniforme n° 2014-021 du 20 novembre 2014 relative au taux de l'intérêt légal dans les pays de l'Union monétaire ouest-africaine (UMOA)'; corroborated by BCEAO, 'Taux d'intérêt légal 2026 des pays de l'UMOA' (TOGO — 5,3637%)","url":"https://finances.gouv.tg/dimportants-decrets-ont-ete-adoptes-en-conseil-des-ministres-du-02-fevrier-2026-sous-la-presidence-de-monsieur-faure-essozimna-gnassingbe-president-du-conseil/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal Income Tax (Impot sur le Revenu des Personnes Physiques - IRPP)","description":"Progressive IRPP scale applied to annual net taxable income, in the statute's native currency and period (XOF per year).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n°2018-024 portant Code General des Impots, Article 74, as substituted by Loi n°2022-022 du 27 decembre 2022 portant Loi de Finances, Exercice 2023 - table 'Nouveau Bareme par tranches de revenu et taux', read from the OTR consolidated CGI/LPF mis a jour 2025; application explained in OTR Note circulaire n°001/2023/CG/CI/DLFC relative a l'application des dispositions de l'IRPP de la Loi de finances, exercice 2023","url":"https://www.otr.tg/index.php/fr/impots/reglementations-fiscales/code-general-des-impots/600-code-general-des-impots-livre-des-procedures-fiscales-mis-a-jour-2025/file.html"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Togo (TG): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch of the CNSS regime plus the compulsory universal health insurance (AMU) in force since January 2024, with the assiette, the SMIG floor and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale du Togo (CNSS), \"Cotisations sociales\" employer page (the 21,5% total and its split 17,50% employer / 4% worker, the per-branch allocation, the assiette, the SMIG floor, the free-zone rule, the ADC collection cycle and the penal provisions); CNSS Togo, \"Conditions generales de l'assurance maladie universelle obligatoire (CGAMU)\", updated 5 December 2023 (the AMU rate of 10% with at least half on the employer, the assiette, the three-month waiting period, the 80/20 cost sharing and the exclusions); loi n° 2011-006 du 21 fevrier 2011 portant code de securite sociale, articles 17(1) and 21; arrete n° 002/2012/MTESS/CAB/DGTLS du 13 fevrier 2012 fixant les modalites d'application du code de securite sociale, articles 50-51; loi n° 2021-022 du 18 octobre 2021 instituant l'Assurance Maladie Universelle en Republique Togolaise; decret n° 2023-096/PR fixant les taux, montants et modalites de recouvrement des cotisations dues au titre de l'AMU; decret n° 2023-097/PR (management by INAM and CNSS); decret n° 2023-093/PR (panier de soins de reference).","url":"https://cnss.tg/employeurs/cotisations-sociales/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tg/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"TN","name":"Tunisia","currency":"TND","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"BCT key policy rate (taux directeur)","description":"Taux d'intérêt directeur de la Banque Centrale de Tunisie — the rate on the BCT's main refinancing operations (appel d'offres à 7 jours), fixed by the Conseil d'Administration of the BCT under loi n° 2016-35 du 25 avril 2016 portant fixation du statut de la Banque Centrale de Tunisie. The Board holds roughly five statutory meetings a year, of which only some produce a monetary policy decision.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-07","source":{"name":"BCT — Communiqué de presse du Conseil d'Administration de la BCT, réunion du 30 décembre 2025 : « le Conseil d'Administration de la Banque Centrale de Tunisie a décidé d'abaisser le taux directeur de 50 points de base, le ramenant à 7%, à compter du 7 janvier 2026 »","url":"https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/actualites.jsp?id=1227"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"TVA standard rate","description":"Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée — taux général, first paragraph of Article 7 of the Code de la TVA (promulgated by loi n° 88-61 du 2 juin 1988), as last amended by the loi de finances pour l'année 2018.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 2017-66 du 18 décembre 2017, portant loi de finances pour l'année 2018, Art. 43 §1 : « Est remplacé le taux de 18% prévu au premier paragraphe de l'article 7 du code de la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée par le taux de 19% » — JORT n° 101 du 19 décembre 2017 (traduction française pour information), p. 4274","url":"https://lake.jort.tn/journal-officiel/fr/2017/101.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Tunisia — REFUSED: the Code de la TVA has no turnover-based registration threshold; assujettissement is determined by the nature of the activity, with the income-tax régime forfaitaire (TND 100,000 ceiling) acting only as an adjacent small-trader carve-out, not a VAT threshold.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-26","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Code de la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée (promulgated by loi n° 88-61 du 2 juin 1988), art. 1 (operations within the scope: 'les affaires faites en Tunisie' of an industrial, artisanal, professional or commercial nature) and art. 2 (assujettis: persons carrying out the listed operations are taxable BY LAW — 'sont assujettis à la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée les personnes qui réalisent les opérations visées à l'article premier' — plus optional assujettissement on request for those outside the scope). No article of the code conditions liability or registration on a turnover figure; there is no franchise en base. The only turnover boundary in the system is the régime forfaitaire of art. 44 bis et seq. of the Code de l'IRPP/IS (BIC forfait, annual turnover not exceeding TND 100,000), whose flat tax is 'libératoire' of both income tax and VAT — an income-tax regime, not a VAT registration threshold.","url":"https://www.finances.gov.tn/sites/default/files/CODE%20TVA%202017%20FR.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"SMIG — guaranteed inter-professional minimum wage (48-hour week, monthly)","description":"Salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti (SMIG) — the statutory minimum wage for the NON-AGRICULTURAL private sector, fixed by decree under article 134-3 of the Code du travail (loi n° 66-27 du 30 avril 1966). Tunisia fixes the SMIG on two working-week bases (48 hours and 40 hours) and as both a monthly and an hourly amount; this series carries the MONTHLY 48-hour-week figure. Agriculture has a separate statutory minimum, the SMAG, set as a DAILY rate by a companion decree (see notes).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Décret n° 2026-67 du 30 avril 2026, fixant le salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti dans les secteurs non agricoles régis par le code du travail — JORT n° 44 du 30 avril 2026 (13 dhoulkaâda 1447), p. 900","url":"https://lake.jort.tn/journal-officiel/ar/2026/044.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Jours fériés donnant lieu à congé, fixed by Décret Présidentiel n° 2021-223 du 7 décembre 2021 for personnel of the State, local authorities and public administrative establishments — the reference list for Tunisian public holidays. Calendar year 2026, with the Islamic movable feasts mapped to Gregorian dates.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Décret Présidentiel n° 2021-223 du 7 décembre 2021, fixant les jours fériés donnant lieu à congé au profit des personnels de l'Etat, des collectivités locales et des établissements publics à caractère administratif — JORT n° 113 du 7 décembre 2021, pp. 2889-2890 (art. 2 abroge le décret n° 2011-317 du 26 mars 2011)","url":"https://lake.jort.tn/journal-officiel/fr/2021/113.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Taux d'inflation — headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the Institut National de la Statistique (INS), the official producer of the Indice des prix à la consommation (IPC, base 100 = 2015).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"INS Tunisie — Indice des prix à la consommation, Juin 2026 (publié le 05/07/2026) : « Au mois de juin 2026, le taux d'inflation a atteint le taux de 5,3% »","url":"https://www.ins.tn/publication/indice-des-prix-la-consommation-juin-2026"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate (IS) — general rate","description":"Impôt sur les sociétés (IS), taux général — first paragraph of Article 49 §I of the Code de l'impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques et de l'impôt sur les sociétés (promulgated by loi n° 89-114 du 30 décembre 1989), as rewritten by Article 37 of the loi de finances pour l'année 2025.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 2024-48 du 9 décembre 2024, portant loi de finances pour l'année 2025, Art. 37 §1 : « Le taux de l'impôt sur les sociétés, appliqué au bénéfice imposable arrondi au dinar inférieur, est fixé à 20% » — texte officiel (Ministère des Finances); traduction française au JORT n° 149 du 10 décembre 2024, pp. 3430-3431","url":"https://www.finances.gov.tn/sites/default/files/2024-12/LF2025.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The discharge (libératoire) withholding taxes Tunisia levies under art. 52 of the Code de l'IRPP et de l'IS on payments to persons neither resident nor established in Tunisia - 10% on dividends, 20% on interest generally (10% on loans from non-resident banks), 15% on royalties and other service remuneration, and a punitive 25% where the recipient is resident in a state or territory with a privileged tax regime (paradis fiscaux list set by decree). Administered by the Direction Générale des Impôts, Ministère des Finances.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-12","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2021-01-01","source":{"name":"Ministère des Finances (Tunisie), « Système fiscal tunisien — Aperçu général sur la fiscalité », Modalités de paiement de l'IRPP et de l'IS: « La retenue à la source est libératoire pour les personnes non résidentes et non établies en Tunisie ». This page establishes the LIBERATOIRE (final-settlement) character of the withholding for non-residents; it does NOT contain article 52 of the Code de l'IRPP et de l'IS and carries no non-resident rate schedule — the rates below are cited separately on each row","url":"https://www.finances.gov.tn/fr/apercu-general-sur-la-fiscalite"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Legal interest (intérêt légal) — civil matters","description":"Tunisia's legal interest under Article 1100 (nouveau) of the Code des obligations et des contrats: a fixed 7% per annum in civil matters. In commercial matters the rate is not fixed — it is the Central Bank's maximum bank overdraft rate plus half a point, which moves with each republication.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-27","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"1983-02-15","source":{"name":"Code des obligations et des contrats, Art. 1100 (nouveau): where the parties have not fixed the rate by agreement, the legal interest in civil matters is 'calculé à raison de 7% l'an' (calculated at 7% per annum), and in commercial matters it is equal to the maximum bank overdraft rate fixed by the Central Bank of Tunisia 'majoré d'un demi point' (increased by half a point) — this replaced the flat 5% of the décret du 20 août 1935 with effect from 15 February 1983","url":"https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/art1100.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets (IRPP)","description":"Barème de l'impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques — the progressive annual scale at Article 44 §I of the Code de l'IRPP et de l'IS, as replaced by Article 36 of the loi de finances pour l'année 2025. Applies to the global annual net taxable income of resident individuals.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Loi n° 2024-48 du 9 décembre 2024, portant loi de finances pour l'année 2025, Art. 36 §1 (« Est modifié le barème de l'impôt sur le revenu prévu au paragraphe I de l'article 44 du code de l'IRPP et de l'IS ») et §2 (« Les dispositions du présent article s'appliquent aux revenus réalisés à partir du 1er janvier 2025 ») — texte officiel (Ministère des Finances); traduction française au JORT n° 149 du 10 décembre 2024, pp. 3429-3430","url":"https://www.finances.gov.tn/sites/default/files/2024-12/LF2025.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Tunisia (TN) under the régime des salariés non agricoles (RSNA) administered by the CNSS: employee and employer shares of each branch, the activity-rated occupational-accident charge, and the 2025 unemployment-fund contribution.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale (CNSS), Tunisia — employer service page for the secteur non agricole, read in full: assiette des cotisations (quoted verbatim), « Le taux des cotisations de sécurité sociale est fixé à 25,75% réparti comme suit : 16,57% à la charge de l'employeur, 9,18% à la charge du salarié », the occupational-accident statement and its 0,4%–4% band under décret n° 95-538 du 1er avril 1995, the exclusion decree n° 2003-1098 du 19 mai 2003, the quarterly payment deadlines and penalty rates, and the legislative references to Loi n° 60-30 du 14 décembre 1960 articles 40 and 42-47 and 105 (page carries a last-updated stamp of 18 June 2019). Branch-level split of the global rate from the Tunisian contribution table published by the Centre des liaisons européennes et internationales de sécurité sociale (CLEISS), a French public body, data at 1 January 2025. The 2025 increase from Loi n° 2024-48 du 9 décembre 2024 portant loi de finances pour l'année 2025, article 17, as reproduced by the Juridoc legal database and as carried in the dated CNSS rate table maintained by Jurisite Tunisie (« Fds sp. Loi 2024-48 art. 17 », 0,50% employer and 0,50% salarié, « A partir du 1er Janvier 2025 », giving 17,07% / 9,68% / 26,75%).","url":"https://www.cnss.tn/fr/web/employeur/emp_asset_services/-/asset_publisher/sYQ8/content/emp_secteur-non_agr6_assiette?secteur=1"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tn/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"TZ","name":"Tanzania","currency":"TZS","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Bank of Tanzania central bank rate","description":"Bank of Tanzania Central Bank Rate (CBR), set quarterly by the Monetary Policy Committee (first week of Jan/Apr/Jul/Oct) for the coming quarter.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-19","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-03","source":{"name":"Bank of Tanzania — Monetary Policy Committee Statement, MPC No. 244, 3rd July 2026: 'At its Meeting held on 2 July 2026, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) raised the Central Bank Rate (CBR) from 5.75 percent to 6.25 percent for the quarter ending September 2026'; 'The MPC will hold the next meeting on 7th October 2026, and the CBR for the fourth quarter of 2026 will be announced the following day'","url":"https://www.bot.go.tz/Adverts/PressRelease/en/2026070313025546.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard value-added tax rate, Mainland Tanzania.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-03","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2009-07-01","source":{"name":"The Finance Act, 2009 (Act No. 14 of 2009), PART VIII - Amendment of the Value Added Tax Act (Cap. 148), s.23: 'The principal Act is amended in section 8 by deleting the word \"twenty (20)\" and substituting for it the word \"eighteen\".' The pre-amendment s.8 read 'VAT shall be charged at the rate of twenty (20) per centum of the taxable value'. Rate re-enacted unchanged by the Value Added Tax Act, 2014 (Cap. 148) from 2015-07-01; current administering authority Tanzania Revenue Authority.","url":"https://repository.mof.go.tz/handle/123456789/460"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT/GST registration becomes compulsory in Tanzania, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-07-01","source":{"name":"GN No. 448Y of 30/6/2023 on TRA's website: 'The principal Regulations are amended in regulation 14 by deleting the phrase \"one hundred million shillings\" and substituting for it the phrase \"two hundred million shillings\"' and 'shall be deemed to have come into operation on the 1st day of July, 2023'; test wording from VAT Act Cap 148 s.28(2)(a): 'the person's turnover is equal to or greater than the registration threshold in the period of twelve months ending at the end of the previous month' (TanzLII consolidation)","url":"https://www.tra.go.tz/images/uploads/regulations/GN_448Y_-THE_VALUE_ADDED_TAX_GENERAL_AMENDMENT_REGULATIONS_2023.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Private-sector minimum wage (lowest sectoral rate)","description":"Tanzania sets SECTORAL private-sector minimum wages by government order under s.39(1) of the Labour Institutions Act (Cap. 300) — there is no single national minimum. This series carries the lowest rate in the schedule.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-25","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"GN No. 605A — The Labour Institutions (Minimum Wage for Private Sector) Order, 2025 (Ministry of Labour gazette PDF)","url":"https://www.kazi.go.tz/uploads/documents/en-1760702541-GN%20605A-THE%20LABOUR%20INSTITUTIONS%20(MINIMUM%20WAGE%20FOR%20PRIVATE%20SECTOR)%20ORDER,%202025%20(5).pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Public holidays per the Public Holidays Act, Cap. 35 [R.E. 2023], plus holidays observed under s.3 presidential proclamations.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Public Holidays Act, Cap. 35 [R.E. 2023] (Government of Tanzania)","url":"https://www.nps.go.tz/uploads/documents/sw-1751397436-THE%20PUBLIC%20HOLIDAYS%20ACT.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"NBS NCPI press release dated 10 August 2026 — ANNUAL HEADLINE INFLATION FOR JULY, 2026 STANDS AT 4.2 PERCENT","url":"https://www.nbs.go.tz/uploads/statistics/documents/en-1786367529-CPI%20%20Release_072026_English.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national revenue authority or tax statute.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2004-07-01","source":{"name":"Tanzania Revenue Authority — Corporation Tax (Income Tax Act, Cap 332)","url":"https://www.tra.go.tz/page/corporation-tax"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Tanzania (mainland) levies on payments to non-residents - dividends, interest, royalties and service fees - under the Income Tax Act, 2004 (Cap 332) and its First Schedule, at domestic statutory rates before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA); withholding on payments to non-residents is a final tax.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-12","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Income Tax Act [CAP. 332 R.E. 2019] (United Republic of Tanzania), published by the Ministry of Finance; First Schedule paragraph 4, made under section 4(6): “Income tax to be withheld from payments under Division II of Part VII shall be withheld at the following rates” — dividends of a corporation listed on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange five percent, of any other corporation ten percent; interest or rent paid to a non-resident withholdee ten percent; other payments fifteen percent; service fees fifteen percent for a non-resident. Royalties are brought in by section 82(1)(a) (“pays a dividend, interest, natural resource payment, rent or royalty... at the rate provided for in paragraph 4(b) of the First Schedule”) and fall to the “other payments” limb","url":"https://www.mof.go.tz/uploads/documents/en-1676545432-THE%20INCOME%20TAX%20ACT,%20CAP%20332%20R.E.%202019.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory late-payment interest","description":"Tanzania fixes no statutory interest on overdue money obligations; the only rate set by law is the 7% per annum court rate that attaches to a judgment debt once a court has given judgment.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Civil Procedure Code (Cap 33) s 29: 'without prejudice to the power of the court to order interest to be paid up to date of judgment at such rates as it may deem reasonable, every judgment debt shall carry interest at the rate prescribed from the date of the delivery of the judgment until the same shall be satisfied'; Order XX rule 21(1): 'The rate of interest on every judgment debt from the date of delivery of the judgment until satisfaction shall be seven per centum per annum or such other rate, not exceeding twelve per centum per annum, as the parties may expressly agree in writing before or after the delivery of the judgment or as may be adjudged by consent'","url":"https://tanzlii.org/akn/tz/act/1966/49/eng@2024-10-04"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax rate schedule (annual taxable income bands and marginal rates) for resident individuals, from the national revenue authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-07-01","source":{"name":"Tanzania Revenue Authority — PAYE individual income tax rates (Income Tax Act, Cap 332)","url":"https://www.tra.go.tz/page/income-tax-for-individuals"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Tanzania (TZ, Mainland): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, with the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-07-01","source":{"name":"National Social Security Fund Act [Cap. 50], ss2, 12, 13, 14 and the First Schedule (TanzLII / Laws.Africa consolidated text of Act No. 28 of 1997); NSSF Tanzania, \"Rate of Contributions\" and \"Payment of Contributions\" pages; Workers Compensation Act [Cap. 263], ss5 and 75(2), with the Workers Compensation Rules 2016 rule 13(7) and the Workers Compensation Rules (Amendment) 2021 rule 13(7), as stated on the Workers Compensation Fund's own contributions page (wcf.go.tz/pages/contribution); Vocational Education and Training Act [Cap. 82], ss14 and 19, as amended by the Finance Act 2023, as stated on the Tanzania Revenue Authority's Skills Development Levy page; National Health Insurance Fund Act [Cap. 395 R.E. 2015], long title and ss3, 9, 10, 45 (NHIF's own published print of the Act).","url":"https://www.nssf.go.tz/pages/rate-of-contributions"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/tz/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"UG","name":"Uganda","currency":"UGX","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Bank of Uganda central bank rate","description":"Bank of Uganda Central Bank Rate (CBR), set by the Monetary Policy Committee on a quarterly calendar (Feb/May/Aug/Nov).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-21","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-10-07","source":{"name":"Bank of Uganda — Monetary Policy Statement, May 2026","url":"https://bou.or.ug/uploads/Monetary_Policy_Statement_for_May_2026_9f25cad565.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard value-added tax rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-07","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2005-07-01","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax (Rate of Tax) Order, 2006 (SI 2006 No. 29), para 3 — 'the rate of tax for (a) every taxable supply... (b) every import... (c) ...imported services, is 18% of the taxable value' — made under s. 78 VAT Act (Cap. 349), Statutory Instruments Supplement No. 16 to Uganda Gazette No. 39 Vol. XCVIX of 30 June 2006, deemed in force 1 July 2005","url":"https://ulii.org/akn/ug/act/si/2006/29/eng@2006-06-30"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT/GST registration becomes compulsory in Uganda, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-26","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Parliament of Uganda — House news of 21 April 2026: 'Parliament passed the Value Added Tax (Amendment) Bill, 2026, increasing the VAT registration threshold from Shs150 million to Shs300 million'","url":"https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/4409/mivumba-hit-30-tax-parliament-raises-vat-threshold-shs300m"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum wage (statutory, archaic)","description":"Uganda's only national minimum wage order — SI No. 38 of 1984 — never revised since. Served as the statutory truth with full caveats.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"1984-09-28","source":{"name":"Uganda Gazette Vol. LXXVII No. 39, 28 Sep 1984 — SI No. 38 of 1984, The Minimum Wages Order (ULII)","url":"https://ulii.org/akn/ug/officialGazette/government-gazette/1984-09-28/39/eng@1984-09-28"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Public holidays per the Public Holidays Act (Ch. 174) Schedule 2, plus one-off holidays declared by the President under s.2(2).","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-15","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Public Holidays Act, Ch. 174 (ULII consolidated text) + 2026 s.2(2) declarations","url":"https://ulii.org/akn/ug/act/1965/23"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-08-01","source":{"name":"Official UBOS August 2026 CPI release page, 31 Aug 2026 — The Annual Inflation for Uganda as measured by the Consumer Price Index for the 12 months to August 2026 was 4.1 percent compared to 4.0 percent registered in the year ended July 2","url":"https://www.ubos.org/2026/08/31/consumer-price-index-august-2026/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard/headline corporate income tax rate on resident company profits, from the national revenue authority or tax statute.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-17","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"1997-07-01","source":{"name":"Uganda Revenue Authority — Corporation tax (Income Tax Act, Cap. 340, Third Schedule — standard company rate)","url":"https://ura.go.ug/en/corporation-tax/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The withholding taxes Uganda levies on international payments to non-residents - dividends, interest, royalties, rent, natural resource payments and management charges, plus non-resident service contracts, entertainers and professionals - under the Income Tax Act (Cap 340, ss. 83-86 and the Third Schedule), at domestic statutory rates before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"URA - A simplified Guide to Withholding Tax: 'Tax is imposed on every non-resident person who derives any dividend, interest, royalty, rent, natural resource payment or management charge from sources in Uganda. The tax is withheld by the payer at a rate of 15%.' Non-resident entertainers/sports persons 15% of gross remuneration; non-resident service contractors 15% on Ugandan-source service contracts; re-insurance premiums 10%.","url":"https://ura.go.ug/en/withholding-tax/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory late-payment interest","description":"Uganda fixes no statutory interest on overdue money obligations; interest is a matter of contract or judicial discretion, with a residual 6% per year that applies only where a money decree is silent about post-decree interest.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Civil Procedure Act (Cap 282, formerly Cap 71) s 26(2): 'Where and insofar as a decree is for the payment of money, the court may, in the decree, order interest at such rate as the court deems reasonable to be paid on the principal sum adjudged from the date of the suit to the date of the decree ... with further interest at such rate as the court deems reasonable on the aggregate sum so adjudged from the date of the decree to the date of payment'; s 26(3): 'Where such a decree is silent with respect to the payment of further interest ... the court shall be deemed to have ordered interest at 6 percent per year'; s 26(1): where an agreed rate 'is harsh and unconscionable and ought not to be enforced by legal process, the court may give judgment for the payment of interest at such rate as it may think just'","url":"https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/5243"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax rate schedule (income bands and marginal rates) for resident individuals, from the national revenue authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-21","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2012-07-01","source":{"name":"Uganda Revenue Authority — PAYE rates (Income Tax Act, Cap. 340; resident individual monthly schedule)","url":"https://ura.go.ug/en/domestic-taxes/paye-rates/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Uganda (UG): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, with the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-01-07","source":{"name":"National Social Security Fund Act, Cap. 230 (Laws of Uganda, Revised Edition 2023), ss1 (definitions of \"wages\", \"non-resident employee\", \"standard contribution\", \"special contribution\", \"reserve account\"), 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 — read from the Fund's own published print of the Act; National Social Security Fund (Amendment) Act, 2022 (Act No. 1 of 2022), Acts Supplement No. 1 to the Uganda Gazette No. 1, Volume CXV, 7 January 2022, ss1, 2, 4, 7 and 10 (inserting s20A, midterm access); NSSF Uganda, \"Membership\" page (mandatory membership and the 5%/10% mechanic).","url":"https://www.nssfug.org/site/assets/files/1501/nssf_act_cap_230.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/ug/social-contributions"}]},{"country":"ZA","name":"South Africa","currency":"ZAR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"SARB repurchase (repo) rate","description":"The South African Reserve Bank's repurchase rate — the rate at which the SARB lends to commercial banks against eligible collateral, and the anchor for the prime lending rate (repo + 3.50pp). Set by the six-member Monetary Policy Committee under the SARB's constitutional mandate (s224 of the Constitution) and the South African Reserve Bank Act 90 of 1989; the MPC meets six times a year (January, March, May, July, September, November) and the new rate takes effect the day after the announcement.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-29","source":{"name":"SARB — Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, 23 July 2026, delivered by Governor Lesetja Kganyago: 'Against this backdrop, the committee decided to keep the policy rate unchanged, at 7%.' (four members preferred the hold, two preferred a 25bp increase). Level itself set by the May 2026 MPC statement, effective 29 May 2026","url":"https://www.resbank.co.za/en/home/publications/publication-detail-pages/statements/monetary-policy-statements/2026/july"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Value-Added Tax standard rate levied on the supply of goods and services by registered vendors and on imports, under the Value-Added Tax Act 89 of 1991 (s7(1)), administered by the South African Revenue Service. The rate is fixed by the Minister of Finance in the annual Budget and given effect by the Rates and Monetary Amounts and Amendment of Revenue Laws Act for that year.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-09","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2018-04-01","source":{"name":"SARS — Tax Rates: Value-Added Tax (page last updated 14 May 2026): 'VAT is levied at the standard rate of 15% on the supply of goods and services by registered vendors.' Statutory basis: s7(1) of the Value-Added Tax Act 89 of 1991; rate raised from 14% to 15% with effect from 1 April 2018","url":"https://www.sars.gov.za/tax-rates/value-added-tax/"},"vat_bands_available":["zero"],"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National Minimum Wage (hourly)","description":"The National Minimum Wage under the National Minimum Wage Act 9 of 2018 — a statutory floor per ORDINARY HOUR WORKED (not a monthly or weekly figure), applying to all workers in South Africa subject to the Act's exclusions. Reviewed annually by the National Minimum Wage Commission and adjusted by the Minister of Employment and Labour under s6(5) of the Act by notice in the Government Gazette, conventionally effective 1 March.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-12","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-01","source":{"name":"Department of Employment and Labour, Government Notice No. R. 7083, Government Gazette No. 54075 (Regulation Gazette No. 11941) of 3 February 2026, signed 02/02/2026 by Ms N Meth MP, Minister of Employment and Labour, in terms of s6(5) of the National Minimum Wage Act No. 9 of 2018, amending Schedules 1 and 2 as published under Government Notice No. 52053 of 4 February 2025, binding from 1 March 2026 — Schedule 1 item 1: 'Subject to item 2, the national minimum wage is R30,23 for each ordinary hour worked.'","url":"https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202602/54075rg11941gon7083.pdf"},"wage_schedules_available":["national-minimum-wage","farm-worker","domestic-worker","epwp-worker","learnership-nqf1-2-credits-0-120","learnership-nqf1-2-credits-121-240","learnership-nqf3-credits-0-120","learnership-nqf3-credits-121-240","learnership-nqf3-credits-241-360","learnership-nqf4-credits-0-120","learnership-nqf4-credits-121-240","learnership-nqf4-credits-241-360","learnership-nqf4-credits-361-480","learnership-nqf5-8-credits-0-120","learnership-nqf5-8-credits-121-240","learnership-nqf5-8-credits-241-360","learnership-nqf5-8-credits-361-480","learnership-nqf5-8-credits-481-600","contract-cleaning-area-a-hourly","contract-cleaning-area-a-weekly","contract-cleaning-area-a-monthly","contract-cleaning-area-c-hourly","contract-cleaning-area-c-weekly","contract-cleaning-area-c-monthly"],"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Public holidays for calendar year 2026 under the Public Holidays Act 36 of 1994 — twelve statutory days listed in the Schedule to the Act, of which two (Good Friday and Family Day) are movable and tied to Easter. Section 2(1) provides that whenever a public holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday is a public holiday; s2A empowers the President to declare additional public holidays by proclamation in the Gazette.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Public Holidays Act No. 36 of 1994, Schedule (twelve named days) read with s2(1) (Sunday-to-Monday rule) and s2A (Presidential proclamation of additional days) — official list published by the South African Government: 'whenever any public holiday falls on a Sunday, the Monday following on it shall be a public holiday'","url":"https://www.gov.za/about-sa/public-holidays"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (headline, year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation for all urban areas, year-on-year percent change, from Statistics South Africa's monthly statistical release P0141. Published around the middle of the month following the reference month, under the Statistics Act 6 of 1999.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-21","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Statistics South Africa — Statistical Release P0141, Consumer Price Index, July 2026 (embargoed until 19 August 2026 10:00; Statistician-General Risenga Maluleke): 'Annual consumer price inflation was 4,3% in July 2026, down from 5,0% in June 2026. The CPI increased by 0,2% month-on-month in July 2026.' Table B2, CPI headline year-on-year rates","url":"https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0141/P0141July2026.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"The headline corporate income tax rate on the taxable income of resident companies, levied under the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 and fixed each year by the Rates and Monetary Amounts and Amendment of Revenue Laws Act. Administered by SARS. South Africa taxes companies on a year-of-assessment basis aligned to the company's own financial year-end, so the applicable rate is identified by the date the year of assessment ENDS.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2023-03-31","source":{"name":"SARS — Tax Rates: Companies, Trusts and Small Business Corporations (SBC), Companies table (page last updated 26 February 2026, carrying the note '25 February 2026 – No changes'): years of assessment 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027 — 27%; identical 27% rows for 1 April 2025 to 31 March 2026, 1 April 2024 to 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2023 to 31 March 2024","url":"https://www.sars.gov.za/tax-rates/income-tax/companies-trusts-and-small-business-corporations-sbc/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory personal income tax rate schedule for resident individuals under the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962, fixed annually by the Rates and Monetary Amounts and Amendment of Revenue Laws Act and published by SARS. South Africa's tax year for individuals runs 1 March to 28/29 February; the schedule below is the 2027 tax year (1 March 2026 – 28 February 2027), i.e. the year currently in progress. Seven marginal brackets from 18% to 45%, applied to ANNUAL taxable income in rand, with age-based rebates subtracted from the tax so computed.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-01","source":{"name":"SARS — Tax Rates: Rates of Tax for Individuals, table '2027 tax year (1 March 2026 – 28 February 2027)' (page last updated 17 March 2026), giving the seven brackets with cumulative amounts: 18% of taxable income to R245 100; 44 118 + 26% above 245 100; 79 998 + 31% above 383 100; 125 599 + 36% above 530 200; 185 215 + 39% above 695 800; 259 783 + 41% above 887 000; 666 339 + 45% above 1 878 600. Rebates and thresholds from the same page. Statutory basis: Appendix I to the Rates and Monetary Amounts and Amendment of Revenue Laws Act, Budget 2026 (25 February 2026)","url":"https://www.sars.gov.za/tax-rates/income-tax/rates-of-tax-for-individuals/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in South Africa (ZA): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, with the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-08","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-03-01","source":{"name":"Unemployment Insurance Contributions Act 4 of 2002, ss1, 4(1), 5, 6(1)(a)-(b), 6(2), 7(1), 8, 9 (National Treasury print of the Act as assented), as amended by s89 of the Taxation Laws Amendment Act 17 of 2017 (deletion of s4 paras (b) and (d) w.e.f. 1 March 2018) and by s7 of the Revenue Laws Second Amendment Act 44 of 2024 (substitution of para (b) of the s1 \"remuneration\" definition, w.e.f. 1 September 2024); UIF ceiling determination under UICA s6(2), Government Gazette No. 44641 of 28 May 2021 (effective 1 June 2021), as stated by SARS and tabulated in SARS PAYE-GEN-01-G21; Skills Development Levies Act 9 of 1999, ss3(1)(a)(ii), 3(1)(b), 3(2), 3(3), 3(4), 3(5), 4(b), s3 as amended by s111 of Act 53 of 1999, substituted by s88 of Act 15 of 2016 and s88 of Act 17 of 2017, and amended by s6 of the Revenue Laws Second Amendment Act 44 of 2024 (substitution of s3(4)(c), w.e.f. 1 September 2024); National Treasury Explanatory Memorandum on the Revenue Laws Amendment Bill 2024 (24 December 2024), clauses 6 and 7; Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act 130 of 1993, ss1 (\"mutual association\"), 30, 64(1), 83(1), 83(2)(a)-(b), 83(8), 84(1)-(3), 85, 88; COIDA maximum earnings and minimum assessment: Notice 3910 of 2026 in Government Gazette No. 54577 of 24 April 2026 (signed 21 April 2026); COIDA tariffs: Regulations on the Compensation Fund's Tariffs of Assessment, GN 1282 in Government Gazette No. 43959 of 3 December 2020, as corrected and republished in full by Erratum Notice 182 in Government Gazette No. 44409 of 1 April 2021 (Schedule A, Classes A-M); SARS Guide for Employers in respect of Employees' Tax PAYE-GEN-01-G21 (2027 tax year, Revision 1); SARS type-of-tax pages for UIF and SDL.","url":"https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202501/51828-revenuelawssecondamendmentact44of2024.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/social-contributions"},{"id":"fx-reference","name":"SARB rand exchange rates (official reference)","description":"Selected rand exchange rates as published by the South African Reserve Bank on its public Current Market Rates service: rand per US dollar, British pound, euro and Japanese yen. Indicative official reference values published by the central bank, not tradable market quotes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-14","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-09-14","source":{"name":"South African Reserve Bank — Current Market Rates (Exchange rates section), as at 2026-09-14","url":"https://custom.resbank.co.za/SarbWebApi/WebIndicators/CurrentMarketRates"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/fx-reference"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Prescribed rate of interest","description":"South Africa's prescribed rate of interest — the default rate for mora interest on debts and for judgment debts — set by the Prescribed Rate of Interest Act 55 of 1975 as the SARB repurchase (repo) rate plus 3.5 percentage points, taking effect on the first day of the second month after the month the repo is determined (s 1(2)(c)). Derived live from this API's ZA policy-rate series with that statutory lag applied.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-08","confidence":"derived","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Derived from the SARB repo rate (this API's ZA policy-rate series) under the Prescribed Rate of Interest Act 55 of 1975, s1(2) CITATION NOTE (2026-08-05): gov.za withdrew its document page for the Act; this is the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development's copy, that department being responsible for the Act.","url":"https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/1975-055.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/statutory-interest"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The value of taxable supplies over any consecutive 12-month period at which registration as a VAT vendor becomes compulsory, under the Value-Added Tax Act 89 of 1991, together with the lower voluntary-registration floor. Administered by SARS.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-31","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-04-01","source":{"name":"SARS - Register for VAT: compulsory registration applies 'where the value of taxable supplies made in any consecutive 12 month period exceeded or is likely to exceed R2.3 million'; voluntary registration where supplies are 'less than R2.3 million but has, under certain circumstances, exceeded R120 000 in the past period of 12 months'. Effective date from the SARS FAQ 'What is the new threshold for VAT registration?': 'From 1 April 2026, the compulsory VAT registration threshold increased from R1 million to R2.3 million.'","url":"https://www.sars.gov.za/types-of-tax/value-added-tax/register-for-vat/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"The final withholding taxes South Africa levies on payments to foreign persons - dividends, interest, royalties and payments to non-resident entertainers and sportspersons - each at its domestic statutory rate before any double-tax agreement relief. Administered by SARS.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-31","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2017-02-22","source":{"name":"SARS, per-tax pages: Dividends Tax - 'The rate of Dividends Tax increased from 15% to 20% for any dividend paid on or after 22 February 2017'; Withholding Tax on Interest - 'Interest paid is taxed at a final withholding tax rate of 15%'; Withholding Tax on Royalties - 'Royalties paid is taxed at a final withholding tax rate of 15%'; Withholding Tax on foreign entertainers and sportspersons - 15%","url":"https://www.sars.gov.za/types-of-tax/withholding-tax/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/za/withholding-tax"}]},{"country":"ZM","name":"Zambia","currency":"ZMW","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Bank of Zambia Policy Rate","description":"The Bank of Zambia Policy Rate — the key signal of the monetary policy stance, introduced 2 April 2012, set by the nine-member Monetary Policy Committee constituted under section 28(1) of the Bank of Zambia Act, 2022. The MPC meets in the second month of each quarter (February, May, August, November) and the decision is announced in an MPC Statement the day after the meeting. The Bank steers the overnight interbank rate within a corridor of +/- 1 percentage point around the Policy Rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-05-13","source":{"name":"Bank of Zambia — Monetary Policy Report, May 2026 (approved by the MPC on 12 May 2026, published pursuant to s.29(2) Bank of Zambia Act 2022), §1.5 Monetary Policy Decision: 'At its Meeting held on May 11-12, 2026, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) decided to reduce the Monetary Policy Rate by 25 basis points to 13.25 percent'; Appendix 'Monetary and Foreign Exchange Measures since April 2012' gives Date Implemented = May 13, 2026","url":"https://www.boz.zm/sites/default/files/2026-06/Monetary_Policy_Report_2026_Final.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard (prescribed) rate of Value Added Tax charged on taxable supplies and taxable importations under section 9 of the Value Added Tax Act, Chapter 331 of the Laws of Zambia, administered by the Zambia Revenue Authority. Section 9(3) fixes the prescribed rate at 17.5 per centum 'unless the Minister, by statutory order, determines a lower rate' — the operative 16% is such a ministerial order.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2008-04-01","source":{"name":"Zambia Revenue Authority — Practice Notes 2008 (Domestic Taxes Division), §5.6: 'STATUTORY INSTRUMENT NUMBER 14 OF 2008 — This amendment reduces the tax rate from seventeen and half per centum to sixteen per centum', and §5.1: SI No. 14 of 2008 'comes into effect on 1st April 2008'; current rate restated on the ZRA Tax Information page ('supplies that attract VAT at the prescribed standard rate 16%')","url":"https://www.zra.org.zm/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/practicenotes2008.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/vat"},{"id":"vat-registration-threshold","name":"VAT registration threshold","description":"The turnover at which VAT registration becomes compulsory in Zambia, with the period the test runs over, the rule for non-established suppliers, and any separate treatment of imported digital services.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2013-01-01","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax Act, Chapter 331 of the Laws of Zambia, s.28 (registration of suppliers whose taxable turnover exceeds the amount prescribed by the Minister by statutory order) read with the VAT (Registration) prescribed-threshold regulations: taxable turnover exceeding K800,000 in any period of 12 consecutive months, or K200,000 in any period of 3 consecutive months. The K800,000,000 (pre-rebasing) figure was prescribed by S.I. No. 91 of 2012, carried forward as K800,000 on the 2013 currency rebasing (1,000:1). ZRA (zra.org.zm, VAT registration guidance): 'Businesses are required by law to register for VAT if they deal in taxable goods and services and their taxable turnover exceeds the statutory registration threshold of K800,000.00 per annum.'","url":"https://www.zra.org.zm/tax-information/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/vat-registration-threshold"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Statutory minimum wages by category (no single national rate)","description":"Zambia has NO single national minimum wage. Under section 106 of the Employment Code Act, 2019 (Act No. 3 of 2019) the Minister of Labour and Social Security fixes minimum wages and conditions of employment by Statutory Instrument for separate classes of worker — a General Order, a Shop Workers Order, a Domestic Workers Order, and sector orders (e.g. truck and bus drivers). Each order sets a schedule of numbered categories with an hourly and a monthly minimum BASIC pay, plus statutory allowances on top. The orders do not apply to civil servants, local-authority employees, management, unionised employees covered by collective bargaining, or anyone whose terms are already more favourable.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Statutory Instruments No. 48, 49 and 50 of 2023 made under s.106 Employment Code Act 2019 (Supplement to the Republic of Zambia Government Gazette dated Friday, 24th November 2023, pp. 293-308; signed B. M. Tambatamba, Minister of Labour and Social Security, Lusaka, 20 November 2023; all three commence 1 January 2024) — SI 48 (General) scanned text published by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security; SI 49 and SI 50 gazette text via ZambiaLII","url":"https://www.mlss.gov.zm/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IS-NO.48-1.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Public holidays observed throughout Zambia in calendar year 2026 — the statutory days listed in the Schedule to the Public Holidays Act, Chapter 272 of the Laws of Zambia (s.2(1)), plus days declared under s.3 by statutory notice. Section 2(2): whenever a day mentioned in the Schedule falls on a Sunday, the following Monday is observed as a public holiday.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-30","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"The Public Holidays Act, Chapter 272 of the Laws of Zambia (Acts No. 14 of 1964; 59 of 1965; 23 of 1967; 50 of 1967; 33 of 1968; 14 of 1975; 12 of 1983; 23 of 1987; Government Notice 497 of 1964) — s.2(1) and (2) and the Schedule, as published by the National Assembly of Zambia / Ministry of Legal Affairs","url":"https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Public%20Holidays%20Act.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline annual (year-on-year) consumer price inflation for the latest reference month, published by the Zambia Statistics Agency (ZamStats) in 'The Monthly' bulletin under section 7(2)(n) of the Statistics Act No. 13 of 2018. The bulletin is released on the LAST THURSDAY of the reference month itself, so Zambia's CPI is published within the month it measures.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-09-13","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"ZamStats, July 2026 monthly bulletin headline: 'Annual inflation for July 2026 was recorded at 6.5 percent same as that recorded in June 2026.'","url":"https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Company income tax standard rate","description":"Standard (headline) rate of income tax on the business income of a company, set in paragraph 3(1)(b) of the Charging Schedule to the Income Tax Act, Chapter 323 of the Laws of Zambia, administered by the Zambia Revenue Authority. Zambia's charge year runs 1 January to 31 December. Rates are amended annually by an Income Tax (Amendment) Act enacted in December and commencing 1 January.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2022-01-01","source":{"name":"The Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021 — Act No. 43 of 2021 (assented/enacted 30 December 2021; s.1(2): 'This Act shall come into operation on 1st January, 2022'), s.11(c): the Charging Schedule is amended 'in paragraph 3 (1) — (i) in item (b), by the deletion of the word \"thirty-five\" and the substitution therefor of the word \"thirty\"'","url":"https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Act%20-%20The%20Income%20Tax%20Amendment-%202021.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/corporate-tax"},{"id":"withholding-tax","name":"Withholding tax rates","description":"Zambia domestic statutory withholding tax rates on payments to non-residents under the Income Tax Act, Chapter 323 of the Laws of Zambia (dividends s 81, non-resident contractors s 81A, interest/royalties/management fees etc. s 82A, with rates in paragraph 7 of the Charging Schedule), as amended most recently by the Income Tax (Amendment) Acts No. 10 and No. 17 of 2025 with effect from 1 January 2026. Administered by the Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"ZRA Practice Note No. 1/2026 (commentary on the 2025 amendment acts effective 1 January 2026), Table 20 'Withholding Tax Rates': 'Dividends (Non-Resident) ... 20'; 'Interest (Non-Residents) ... 20'; 'Interest on GRZ bonds and Treasury Bills - Non-Residents ... 20'; 'Royalties (Non-Residents) ... 20'; 'Commissions paid to Non-Resident persons (Final Tax) ... 20'; 'Public Entertainment Fees for Non-Residents (Final Tax) ... 20'; 'Management and Consultancy Fees to Non-Residents ... 20'; 'Payments to Non-Resident Contractors (Final Tax) ... 20'; 'Payment for Distribution of Branch Profits ... 20'; 'Commodity Royalty ... 15'. Para 19.4.1: from the Charging Schedule para 7, 'tax required to be deducted from the payment of interest to a non resident, shall be at the rate of twenty percent' — 'This amendment increases the Withholding Tax (WHT) rate to 20% [from 15%] on interest payments from Treasury Bills and Government bonds to a non-resident investor.' Corroborated by the ZRA 'Withholding Tax' leaflet ('The rate of WHT on dividends is 15% for residents and 20% for non-residents and it is the final tax'; 'The WHT rate for management and consultancy fees for non-residents is 20% and is the final tax') and PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, Zambia corporate withholding taxes (last reviewed 24 July 2026).","url":"https://www.zra.org.zm/download/practice-note-no-1-of-2026/"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/withholding-tax"},{"id":"statutory-interest","name":"Statutory late-payment interest","description":"Zambia fixes no statutory interest rate on overdue money obligations: since 1997 even judgment-debt interest is set by the court case by case, capped only by the current Bank of Zambia lending rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-10","confidence":"primary","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Judgments Act (Cap 81) s 2, as substituted by s 2 of the Judgments (Amendment) Act 16 of 1997: every judgment, order or decree 'shall carry interest as may be determined by the court which rate shall not exceed the current lending rate as determined by the Bank of Zambia from the time of entering up such judgment, order, or decree until the same shall be satisfied'; Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act (Cap 74) s 4: in proceedings 'for the recovery of any debt or damages, the court may, if it thinks fit, order that there shall be included in the sum for which judgment is given interest at such rate as it thinks fit ... for the whole or any part of the period between the date when the cause of action arose and the date of the judgment'","url":"https://zambialii.org/akn/zm/act/1961/10/eng@1997-11-14"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/statutory-interest"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (PAYE) bands","description":"Statutory rate schedule for individuals in Charging Schedule paragraph 2(1) of the Income Tax Act, Chapter 323 of the Laws of Zambia, operated by employers as Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and administered by the Zambia Revenue Authority. The Act states the bands ANNUALLY; ZRA's monthly PAYE tables are these figures divided by twelve. Tax deducted must be remitted to ZRA by the 10th of the following month.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","confidence":"primary","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"The Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2023 — Act No. 22 of 2023 (enacted 26 December 2023; s.1(2): 'This Act shall come into operation on 1st January, 2024'), s.11(a) amending Charging Schedule paragraph 2(1): exempt threshold raised to sixty-one thousand two hundred Kwacha; 20% to K85,200; 30% to K110,400; thirty-seven percent per annum on the balance above K110,400","url":"https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Act%20No.%2022%20of%202023,%20The%20Income%20Tax%20(Amendment).pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/income-tax"},{"id":"social-contributions","name":"Statutory social-insurance contributions","description":"Mandatory payroll contributions for an ordinary private-sector employee in Zambia (ZM): employee and employer shares of each statutory branch, with the ceilings and the instrument fixing each rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-08-11","confidence":"secondary","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"National Pension Scheme Act, Cap. 256 (Act No. 40 of 1996), ss2, 14, 15, 19 and 53 (National Assembly of Zambia print of the Act); NAPSA public notice \"Revision in Contribution Ceiling for the Year 2025\" (napsa.co.zm), stating the 10% rate, the earnings definition and the NAE mechanism; NAPSA news item of 7 August 2026 on the pension uplift (minimum monthly pension moving from K1,861 to K2,327), which corroborates the 2026 National Average Earnings figure through s19(4) of the Act; National Health Insurance Act, 2018 (Act No. 2 of 2018) and the National Health Insurance (General) Regulations, 2019 (S.I. No. 63 of 2019), regulations 2, 3, 9 and 10; Workers' Compensation Act, 1999 (Act No. 10 of 1999), ss46, 104, 105, 106 and 107 (National Assembly of Zambia print of the Act); Ministry of Labour and Social Security, Department of Social Security page (statutory scheme list and the employer-only nature of the WCFCB contribution).","url":"https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/National%20Pension%20Scheme%20Act.pdf"},"url":"https://afriref.dev/v1/zm/social-contributions"}]}],"disclaimer":"Independent service, not affiliated with any government. Verify against the cited official source before legal or financial use."}